The Kite Runner By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay Example For Students

The Kite Runner By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay The Kite Runner tale helps me to remember the Holocaust stories we used to find out about when we were more youthful. They as a rule start with storyteller and the side characters having strange connections where the storyteller would even think about whether they were ever companions. The tale of Amir includes so much incongruity and unadulterated happenstance yet that is the thing that made it such an incredible novel. Indeed, even as I kept on perusing and knew precisely what might occur straightaway, the creator worked superbly of welcome those incidents and making these occasions memorable.Other than the title of the novel being The Kite Runner, the creator finished his story the manner in which he started it to articulate that Afgans-or just anyone can have a comparable start however totally various endings. We will compose a custom exposition on The Kite Runner By F. Scott Fitzgerald explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now â€Å"Afghans like to state: Life goes on, oblivious of starting, end †¦ emergency or cleansing, pushing ahead like a moderate, dusty troop of kochis.† When the creator surrounded the two scenes he was attempting to state that Amir had been the spectator to the occasion that occurred in the back street when he had been a child. At the time he was so youthful and dread was what drove him to flee. About 30 years after the fact and a comparative scene had been set up with Amir and Hassan's child. Rather than being the one to flee from dread Amir goes towards it. He heads to a future with the child of a man he believes he had sold out incredibly. Despite the fact that he doesn't have the foggiest idea what challenges life will get them through, he appreciates the open door he needs to ask for Hassan s absolution through his child. The two young men had been close since birth-breastfeeding from similar bosoms. They had lived respectively for a huge part of their lives and had played together. In any case, while Hassan had thought about Amir his closest companion, Amir had just idea of Hassan as a servan. .ery comparable. The acknowledgment causes Amir to feel as though he and his dad are too indistinguishable with regards to connections. This acknowledgment helps Amir in light of the fact that at any rate he now they are similar here and there. Despite the fact that it's anything but a positive acknowledgment however a negative one since they are both mischievous liars, and it is the main thing they share for all intents and purpose. When they have settled in America, Amir understands his dad is a prideful man. Baba had wouldn't acknowledge food stamps and Baba had likewise kept the conventions from back home. Since they just have each other to rely upon, they acknowledge each other as every others family and being an existence with shared mindful and love. Everything had changed for a superior to Amir. I see the changes, in Baba's point of view, as negative. He lost all that he treasured and buckled down for. In Amir's point of view, Baba's change was a decent change.

Writing a Debate Paper

Writing a Debate PaperDo you have a question about writing a debate paper? It is easy to start getting into questions that a good debater should ask. The other thing to remember is to know when not to interrupt your opponent. Here are some of the best ways to get started.The first step in writing a debate paper is to think out loud. Yes, it sounds crazy but this is the most important step. Having a way to ask questions when you run out of time can be invaluable. Try talking in your head. This will help you answer any questions the person asking them may have.The next step is to go back over any questions and try to come up with a perfect score. You can find a few practice questions on the internet or if you know someone who can write something for you, that would be great. You might even ask an expert to come up with some as well.Make sure you choose questions that you feel comfortable answering. Not only do you want to feel confident when you answer but you want to also know that yo u are prepared enough to get into a discussion. If you know what your opponent knows or have some idea of their history then you know you won't get rattled easily. Ask those questions that you can answer and have some confidence in.Ask questions about topics that you really know something about. Research is a key factor when debating as you don't want to over do it and seem like you are simply running around looking things up. Pick something to bring up on debate day so that you can talk about that issue at length and be prepared.Sometimes, you will have a question that your opponent may have already answered. If you can figure out where they will be coming from, answer the question before they get to answer it. Make sure you have questions ready for them as well so they don't get stuck with a question that they already know the answer to.One important thing to remember when writing a debate paper is to remain calm during the debate. This can be very difficult because of all the thi ngs going on in your head but being calm will help you answer questions correctly. It can also help to give the other side a chance to speak as well. During this time, you will be able to see how they will respond and how well they can answer questions.These are just a few simple little steps when you are starting to write a debate paper. Remember, you don't need to know everything. Make sure you use these tips as well as others when you write your paper.

Free Essays on Islam And The Koran

Islam is an Arabic word which signifies accommodation to the desire of God. This word originates from a similar root as the Arabic word salam, which signifies harmony (Berger, 11). In that capacity, the religion of Islam instructs that so as to accomplish genuine true serenity and guarantee of heart, one must submit to God and live as per His Divinely uncovered Law. The most significant truth that God uncovered to humankind is that there is not much or deserving of being revered aside from Almighty God, in this manner every single individual ought to submit to Him. Muslim signifies one who submits to the desire of God, paying little mind to their race, nationality or ethnic foundation. Being a Muslim involves determined accommodation and dynamic dutifulness to God, and living as per His message (Moore et al). A few people erroneously accept that Islam is only a religion for Arabs, however nothing could be further from reality. Not exclusively are there changes over to Islam in each edge of the world, particularly in England and America, however by investigating the Muslim World from Bosnia to Nigeria, and from Indonesia to Morocco, one can obviously observe that Muslims originate from numerous different races, ethnic gatherings and nationalities. It is additionally fascinating to take note of that in reality, over 80% of all Muslims are not Arabs - there are a greater number of Muslims in Indonesia than in the entire Arab World (72). So despite the fact that the facts confirm that most Arabs are Muslims, the vast greater part of Muslims are not Arabs. Be that as it may, any individual who submits totally to God and loves only him is a Muslim. Coherence of the Islam message is certifiably not another religion since accommodation to the desire of God, for example Islam, has consistently been the main worthy religion in seeing God. Therefore, Islam is the genuine characteristic religion, and it is the equivalent endless message uncovered through the ages to the entirety of God's prophets and dispatchers. Muslims accept that the entirety of God's prophets, who incorporate Abraham, Noah, Moses, Jesus and Muh... Free Essays on Islam And The Koran Free Essays on Islam And The Koran Islam is an Arabic word which signifies accommodation to the desire of God. This word originates from a similar root as the Arabic word salam, which signifies harmony (Berger, 11). All things considered, the religion of Islam instructs that so as to accomplish genuine significant serenity and guarantee of heart, one must submit to God and live as indicated by His Divinely uncovered Law. The most significant truth that God uncovered to humankind is that there is not much or deserving of being adored aside from Almighty God, accordingly all individuals ought to submit to Him. Muslim signifies one who submits to the desire of God, paying little heed to their race, nationality or ethnic foundation. Being a Muslim involves resolved accommodation and dynamic submission to God, and living as per His message (Moore et al). A few people erroneously accept that Islam is only a religion for Arabs, yet nothing could be further from reality. Not exclusively are there changes over to Islam in each side of the world, particularly in England and America, however by investigating the Muslim World from Bosnia to Nigeria, and from Indonesia to Morocco, one can obviously observe that Muslims originate from numerous different races, ethnic gatherings and nationalities. It is additionally intriguing to take note of that in fact, over 80% of all Muslims are not Arabs - there are a greater number of Muslims in Indonesia than in the entire Arab World (72). So despite the fact that the facts confirm that most Arabs are Muslims, the vast larger part of Muslims are not Arabs. Be that as it may, any individual who submits totally to God and venerates only him is a Muslim. Coherence of the Islam message is certainly not another religion since accommodation to the desire of God, for example Islam, has consistently been the main satisfactory religion in seeing God. Therefore, Islam is the genuine characteristic religion, and it is the equivalent everlasting message uncovered through the ages to the entirety of God's prophets and errand people. Muslims accept that the entirety of God's prophets, who incorporate Abraham, Noah, Moses, Jesus and Muh...

The Australian Constitution interpritation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3136 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Tags: Australia Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Constitutional interpretation has been frequently discussed in many parts of the world, particularly Australia, which will be the main focus of the article. Generally, constitutions play a vital part in federal systems. Some theories of constitutional interpretation have been applied throughout a period of time until further reflection highlighted its shortcomings.[1] The debate over the importance of different modes of constitutional interpretation has been ongoing for a period of time. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Australian Constitution: interpritation" essay for you Create order Before we begin considering the two major cases on hand and the different methods of constitution interpretation adopted in each, we will first reflect on the historical facts surrounding the emergence of the Constitution in Australia. The Constitution was drafted through the conventions of the 1980s, accepted by a referendum and then endorsed by a Statute of the British Parliament. Subsequently, the Commonwealth came into existence on 1 January 1901. It can be said that the distribution of powers in the Constitution was a reflection of the visions adopted by the founding fathers.[2] The functions and content of the Constitution mirror the agreement reached by the six colonies and accepted by a majority of its people.[3] With this background in mind, to refer to cooperative federalism as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"political sloganà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is to risk undermining the historical procedure which brought the Constitution in existence in the first place.[4] In Australia, the role of interpreting the Constitution is left to the High Court, but some leeway still remains for interpretation by the Parliament.[5] This is evident in cases where the Court defers the judgment to the Parliament or where a non-justiciable issue arises.[6] Since federation, there has been many debates surrounding the scope of powers listed in section 61 of the Constitution.[7] In making such a claim, initial and crucial issues arises, namely how a constitution and constitutionalism are best understood. Generally, there are two main competing views surrounding this contention. The first being that written constitutions are about locking things in.[8] In applying this view, it is understood that the Constitution does contain a list of Federal and State powers, rules related to how members of the Parliament are elected and so on. Such things will make it harder than normal for it to be altered or removed completely.[9] Therefore, the main point of adopting a written constitution is so tha t such rules can be locked in. The second view adopted is completely different to the first. Essentially it involves setting up guidelines and values that needs updating and reviewing from time to time as society changes and develops.[10] Modes of Constitutional Interpretation The subject of constitutional interpretation has been the talking point of many for the past few decades. Despite this, there is no exhaustive list of the academic approaches that has been developed pertaining to constitutional interpretation. In addition, there is no single set of interpretation theory that can be applied as the actual process involves various tedious steps and suppositions.[11] One of the most common modes of interpretation is the originalist method. Essentially, this enforces the fact that the constitution is to be read and interpreted in its original form as it was drafted.[12] As discussed, judges adhere strictly to what is in the written constitution. One significant drawback of this approach is the fact that with the continuous evolution in todaysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ society, it poses a strain of judges having to make decisions strictly based on rules that were drafted many years ago.[13] Having said that, many have considered the alternatives of originalis m to be unable to coexist with the democratic fundamentals of constitutionalism hence allowing too much discretion and admitting too much uncertainty in applying the constitution.[14] On the other hand, others believe that the constitution only provides general guidelines and principles of governance. In essence, the conformity to the constitution should not necessarily involve strict compliance of the framersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ intentions.[15] Also, some have raised the issue that the constitutional values of todaysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ society would be incompatible with such firm and rigid interpretation methods. This method of interpretation raises the notion of interpretivism and non-interpretivism. The former involves judges restricting themselves to applying norms explicitly listed in the text of the constitution.[16] Whereas the latter involves judges not being restricted to applying them explicitly or impliedly listed in the constitution.[17] Interpretivists are in agreeme nt with the analogy whereas non-interpretivists believe that judges may use principles not specified in the Constitution. Work Choices Case This case particularly reflects the need to appreciate the nature of applying interpretive decisions made by the High Court throughout history as so to evaluate usefully the High Courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s constitutional work. The consistently expanding scope of the corporations power has played itself out in a number of ways.[18] Under section 51(xx), the Commonwealth has the power to regulate the employment relationship between à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"foreign corporations, and trading or financial corporations formed within the limits of the Commonwealth.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The decision of the High Court in New South Wales v Commonwealth (Work Choices case)[19] in 2006 reflects this proposition. To some, the judgment passed by the majority was in sync with constitutional heresy, whereas to others the judgment was a strict application of settled principles. In a joint judgment, Chief Justice Gleeson and Justices Gummow, Hayne, Heydon and Crennan held that under s51(xx) of the Constitution, the Commonwealth has the power to make laws regulating the employment relations of what are known as constitutional corporations. Further, they also held that the legislation permissibly limited State powers and did not interfere with State constitutions or functioning. Justices Kirby and Callinan delievered dissenting judgments. In this case, the majorityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lengthy analysis of Huddart, Parker Co Pty Ltd v Moorehead[20] was not simply to approve the overruling of the judgment in the case of Concrete Pipes[21]. It also reinforced the majorityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s observance of the interpretive method adopted that was originally derived from the Engineersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ case[22]. After considering various High Court decisions pertaining to corporations power, developments in the early 19th century and Convention debates to amend s51(xx), the majority applied the statement of Gaudron J in Re Pacific Coal Pty Ltd[23] that the corporations power extends to: à ƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The regulation of the activities, functions, relationships and the business of a corporation described in that subsection, the creation of rights, and privileges belonging to such a corporation, the imposition of obligations on it and, in respect of those matters, to the regulation of the conduct of those through whom it acts, its employees and shareholders and also, the regulation of those whose conduct is or is capable of affecting its activities, functions, relationships or business.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  However, at [57] the plaintiffs had relied on 3 major reasoning in support of the fact that the corporations power should not be read as supporting the WRA (as amended by the Work Choices Act). Firstly, it was highlighted that the corporations power was said to only extend to dealings in relation to persons external to the corporation in contrast to its internal relationships.[24] Hence, the relationship between a corporation and its employees were termed to be intern al in nature. Secondly, it was put forth that the corporations power did not support a law merely because it impose rights and obligations on a corporation.[25] The fact that a corporation is a foreign, trading or financial corporation should be significant in how it relates to the law.[26] However, the majority rejected these propositions on the corporations power. Their Honours emphasized at various points the need to read and construe the constitutional text and said at [142]: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The general principles to be applied in determining whether a law is with respect to a head of legislative power are well settled. It is necessary, always, to construe the constitutional text and to do that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“with all the generality which the words used admità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The character of the law must then be determined by reference to the rights, powers, liabilities, duties and privileges which it creates. The practical as well as the legal operation of the law must b e examined. If a law fairly answers the description of being a law with respect to two subject matters, one a subject matter within s51 and the other not, it is valid notwithstanding there is no connection between the two subject matters. Finally, as remarked in Grain Pool of Western Australia v The Commonwealth, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“if a sufficient connection with the head of power does exist, the justice and wisdom of the law, and the degree to which the means it adopts are necessary or desirable, are matters of legislative choiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Subsequently, the High Court rejected the use of conceptions such as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"federal balanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to place a restrain on the scope of the legislative power.[27] However Callinan J in dissent warned that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the reach of the corporations power, as validated by the majority, has the capacity to obliterate powers of the State hitherto unquestioned.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[28] The judgment in the Work Choiceà ¢Ã ¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case demonstrates that care needs to be taken in order to ask questions that can properly be answered from the historical record. [29] As Waugh commented: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Historians find multiple intentions and diverse experiences in federations, while lawyers usually strive to establish single meanings in order to support definitive judgments. Historians explore personalities, setting, mood, culture, society, economy, theory and the meaning of events in such a broad sense that a lawyer in search of original intention must be tempted to give up and go back to something safe like the Convention Debates or the Federal Law Review. This interest in context can seem redundant to lawyers wanting precise information rather than contemporary colour.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [30] Therefore, to say that the Courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s approach is textualist, in the sense that it generally begins its analysis with the written text of the Constitutions, provides very little assistance.[3 1] Williamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Case Williams v Commonwealth[32] was another landmark case of the High Court that paid much attention to the scope of the federal executive power in s61 of the Constitution. This decision is also significant because it brought to light the interpretive methodology used by the Court in contrast to the Work Choices Case[33]. Questions regarding the orthodox method of interpreting the Constitution were raised after the judgment of the Williams Case was passed. This case involved the validity of an agreement entered between the Commonwealth and a private company that provided chaplaincy services in a Queensland state school.[34] The payments were made and supported by a valid Appropriation Act. Having said that, there was no express statutory authority for the Commonwealth to enter into the contract and make payments under it. This was challenged by Mr Williams as his children was attending the school that the chaplaincy services were being rendered. The Court, by a 6:1 majority upheld t he challenge. Four of the judges (French CJ, Gummow and Bell JJ, and Crennan J) held that Commonwealthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s power to enter into contracts and spend money was not overlapping the scope of the Commonwealth legislative power.[35] The Court relied on federalism, amongst other factors, in reading the Constitution prior to considering the repercussions it would have on future decisions. The Court had not only rejected the broad submission, it being that the Commonwealthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s common law capacities are unlimited, but also the narrow submission that the Commonwealthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s common law capacities followed the path of he Commonwealthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s legislative powers.[36] By contrast to the method adopted is the Work Choices Case, the Courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s process in Williams is characterized by deliberating the structure of the Constitution and the willingness to incorporate limitations into expressed powers minus a clearly express source for t hat limitation.[37] The most significant development of this Williamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Case was the use of the interpretive method adopted by the Court and its subsequent implications on a large scale. To address this issue in depth, it is necessary to consider the implications on the substantive conceptions which arose in the judgment. Federalism and federalism-reinforcing principles of constitutional interpretation were used in various ways in delivering the judgment for the case.[38] Firstly, some judges renowned federalism as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"cognitive checkpointà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in the process of constitutional construction.[39] Gummow and Bell JJ particularly said that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"it was important to bear in mind that, when ascertaining the limits of the executive power of the Commonwealth, attention is to be paid by the Court both to the position of the States in the federal system established by the Constitution and to the powers of the other branches of the federal governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[40] This provides clear evidence of an approach that tends to lean towards constitutional construction with federal concerns in mind[41], as opposed to the method adopted in the Work Choices Case. As already discussed, the constitutional interpretation method adopted in the Work Choiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Case that was derived from the Engineersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Case is unambiguously centralizing.[42] Generally this means that the process of constitutional interpretation happens in a progressive manner. Commonwealth powers are read in full and without regard to political and federal consequences of doing so.[43] Williams, on the other hand, marks a shift from this orthodox method of interpretation adopted in Work Choices Case, when it concerns construing executive as opposed to legislative powers.[44] The Constitution was read by the majority without the generality which the words used admit, nor was the wider definition of the words applied. In addition, the majority of the Court referred to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"federalismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ as a generally accepted contemplation relevant to constitutional construction and interpretation without identifying the specific notion being called upon.[45] While the Work Choices Case provided strong affirmation of the principle that each conferral of powers are to be read fully on its own terms, Williams may be understood as a case strongly amused by a concern for constitutional coherence.[46] This was prominent in the federalism-reinforcing dissenting judgments of Callinan J and Kirby J in the Work Choices Case[47] and Heydon J in Pape[48]. Interpretive Federalism in Williams There has been much said about that s 61 reflects a special case and that Williams should not be taken to reflect a wider shift, especially when it concerns federal legislative powers. There are a number of factors that needs to be considered when addressing this argument. Firstly, the central issue with s 61 is that it is expressed in very general terms that ironically, it is usually read down than are the Commonwealthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s heads of legislative powers.[49] This stems from the general principle that Courts are more willing to read down general words in statutory provisions so as to maintain the validity of the Constitution.[50] As per Isaacs J in Le Mesurier v Connor[51], it is the generality of the terms in s 61 that makes it necessary to seek limiting factors from a source outside the Constitution[52]. However when it concerns head of powers, there is no necessity for doing so due to the specific terms used. Secondly, the construction of s 61 and s 51 differs in a way whereby s 61 is not bogged down by a heavy body of jurisprudence.[53] This had resulted in the decision in the Work Choices Case and as a result, the Work Choices Case will continue to have an impact on jurisprudence that will represent the limits of the heads of legislative power.[54] In contrast, s 61 can be approached in an opposite way as a matter of first impression and the Courts can start afresh when addressing such issues.[55] Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that there is strong evidence to show that the Williams Case was a consequence of the Work Choices Case. However, one might also argue that the methodology adopted in Williams extends no further than s 61 and that it could mark a retreat from the Commonwealth power reflected in Work Choices Case.[56] Also, we have to pay attention to the fact that the Williams Case was not only about federalism, but also involved responsible government. One can argue that the principle of responsible government was more of a driving force of the judgment in Williams than federalism.[57] This goes to show that federalism-reinforcing characteristics will eventually become obsolete and a thing of the past in the near future. 1 [1] Justice Susan Kenny, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The High Court of Australia and Modes of Constitutional Interpretationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , p 46. [2] French, Justice Robert , Co-operative federalism a constitutional reality or a political slogan (FCA) [2004] FedJ Schol 21. [3] Ibid. [4] Ibid. [5]Gabrielle Appleby and Adam Webster, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Parliamentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Role in Constitutional Interpretationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , (2013) Melbourne University Law Review 37:255 [6] Ibid. [7] [8] James Allan and Nicholas Aroney, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"An Uncommon Court: How The High Court Of Australia Has Undermined Australian Federalismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, (2008) Sydney Law Review 30: 245, 248. [9] Ibid. [10] James Allan and Nicholas Aroney, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"An Uncommon Court: How The High Court Of Australia Has Undermined Australian Federalismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, (2008) Sydney Law Review 30: 245, 250. [11] Arun Sagar, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Constitutional Interpretation in Federations and its Impact on the Federal Balanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, (2011) Perspectivs On Federalism vol. 3, Issue 1, p 3. [12] Ibid. [13] Ibid. [14] Ibid. [15] Ibid. [16] Arun Sagar, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Constitutional Interpretation in Federations and its Impact on the Federal Balanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, (2011) Perspectives On Federalism vol. 3, Issue 1, p 6. [17] Ibid. [18] James Allan and Nicholas Aroney, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“An Uncommon Court: How The High Court Of Australia Has Undermined Australian Federalismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2008) Sydney Law Review 30: 245, 274. [19] [2006] HCA 52. [20] Huddart, Parker Co Pty Ltd v Moorehead (1909) 8 CLR 330. [21] (2006) 231 ALR 1 at 18 [49] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" [50]. [22] Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Company Ltd (1920) 28 CLR 129; Justice Susan Kenny, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The High Court of Australia and Modes of Constitutional Interpretationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , p [23] Re Pacific Coal Pty Ltd; Ex Parte Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (2000) 203 CLR 346 at 375 [83]. [24] Australians Government Solicitors, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Work Choices Decisionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, 22 November 2006, p 2. [25] Ibid. [26] Ibid. [27] David Hume, Andrew Lynch and George William s, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Heresy in the High Court? Federalism as a Constraint on Commonwealth Powerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) 41 Federal Law Review 72, 90, p 4. [28] Ibid; Work Choices Case (2006) 229 CLR 1, 332 [794]. [29] Justice Susan Kenny, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The High Court of Australia and Modes of Constitutional Interpretationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , p 58. [30] J Waugh, op cit n 123, p 28. [31] Ibid at p 54. [32] Williams v Commonwealth [2012] HCA 23. [33] David Hume, Andrew Lynch and George Williams, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Heresy in the High Court? Federalism as a Constraint on Commonwealth Powerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) 41 Federal Law Review 72, 90, p 2. [34] Shipra Chordia, George Williams and Andrew Lynch, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Commonwealth Executive Power and Australian Federalismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [2013] 37 Melbourne University Law Review, p 2. [35] David Hume, Andrew Lynch and George Williams, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Heresy in the High Court? Federalism as a Constraint on Commonwealth Pow erà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) 41 Federal Law Review 72, 90, p 2. [36] Gabrielle Appleby and Adam Webster, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Parliamentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Role in Constitutional Interpretationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , (2013) Melbourne University Law Review 37:255, 289. [37] D. Hume, A. Lynch and G. Williams, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Heresy in the High Court? Federalism as a Constraint on Commonwealth Powerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) 41 Federal Law Review 72, 90, p 4. [38] Ibid p 13. [39] Ibid. [40] Williams v Commonwealth [2012] HCA 23, [89]. [41] D. Hume, A. Lynch and G. Williams, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Heresy in the High Court? Federalism as a Constraint on Commonwealth Powerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) 41 Federal Law Review 72, 90, p 13. [42] Ibid at p 18. [43] Ibid. [44] Ibid at p 19. [45] Ibid. [46] Ibid at p 20. [47] (2006) 229 CLR 1 207-8 [490] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" [493] (Kirby J), 307 [743] (Callinan J). [48] (2009) 238 CLR 1, 199 [569]. [49] D. Hume, A. Lynch and G. Will iams, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Heresy in the High Court? Federalism as a Constraint on Commonwealth Powerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) 41 Federal Law Review 72, 90, p 21. [50] Ibid. [51] (1929) 42 CLR 481, 514. [52] D. Hume, A. Lynch and G. Williams, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Heresy in the High Court? Federalism as a Constraint on Commonwealth Powerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) 41 Federal Law Review 72, 90, p 21. [53] Ibid. [54] Ibid. [55] Ibid. [56] Ibid at 22. [57] Ibid.

Divorce The Effect On Children - 1084 Words

Nicole Halterman Professor Tausch CTI 102 D Written Communication 4 October 2014 Divorce: the Effect on Children In today’s society, divorce has become a normal occurrence. Married couples today are getting divorces due to many different reasons; conflicts in the marriage, a loss of romantic feelings, perhaps a spouse is having an affair, or other types of problems. Most divorces have children that are really young and due to their age, they do not have any idea how to deal with this type of situation. Most people know of someone who has dealt with or is dealing with a divorce. Children are the ones who are normally affected the most; they will have to learn to deal with their parents divorce at such a young age, the situation either affecting them in a positive or negative way. Although divorce is not a good thing, sometimes it can have positive outcomes: children being happy, parents being happy, and allowing both child and adult to mature. Parents that are divorced or separated can create a better environment for the kids. The children do not have to d eal with the parents fighting or the tension in the household. If they are put in better and more stable environments it can affect them in numerous positive ways. If parents are happy, then more than likely the kids are happy, because the children look up to the parents. Better communication skills in the long run will help parents and children be more understanding with one another. Not many divorces end well or evenShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Divorce On Children And Divorce1460 Words   |  6 Pagestoday’s world, most people accept divorce or separation as a way of life. Parents are unaware or do not understand the damage it can have on their children. However, in some instances, it is better to get out of an abusive relationship because that can be as toxic as divorce. On average, 50% of children who are born with married parents, will experience divorce before the age of 18 (Children and Divorce Baucom, 2010-2017). Along with divorce statistics, 40% of children in Ameri ca are raised withoutRead MoreDivorce Effect On Children : Divorce1825 Words   |  8 PagesApril, 2016 Divorce Effect on Children Divorce seems to become more and more common nowadays. Divorce can be a simple or complicated process depending if children are involved. This process can have negative and positive effects in a child s life. A divorce is the legal process of a marriage coming apart. A divorce with children involve cost more and takes about eleven months for the marriage to end. The majority of the divorces happening in the United States involve children. Divorce has differentRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Children1255 Words   |  6 Pages The effects of divorce on children Throughout time, people from all over the world have chosen to live together, or â€Å"get married†. Marriage is a beautiful thing, but there are some couples who are unable to maintain their relationship, because they choose divorce as a solution to cope with the problems between husband and wife. Although divorce can be solution to cope with problem between the husband and wife, it still has dangerous effects especially on their children. Children with divorced parentsRead MoreEffect Of Divorce On Children1068 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Divorce on Children While divorce may reduce strain on a failing marriage, it may cause damaging effects on the children. Often times parents are too concerned on the marriage to notice the effects on children. From the way parents react in front of the children to new marriages all can directly affect the daily lives, and behavior of children. Though, there are ways to mitigate some of the issues that can come with divorce, possibly avoiding some of the effects all together. UnfortunatelyRead MoreDivorce And Its Effects On Children1296 Words   |  6 Pages50% of all the children born to married parents today, will experience the divorce of their parents’ before they are eighteen years old. Divorce in and of itself doesn’t necessarily harm a child, but the conflict between parents does. A child’s behavior correlates directly with the effects of their parents’ separation. Deep emotional wounds are created before, during, and after divorce and separation. It is rare that you find a child that actually wants their parents to separate, unless the marriageRead MoreDivorce And Its Effects On Children1343 Words   |  6 Pagesknow that the divorce rate in the United States hovers around fifty percent, including forty percent under the age of 21. In that fifty percent one of every six adults is likely to go through a divorce twice. Not only does divorce affect the adults involved, but forty percent of children in the United States w ill experience parental divorce (Portnoy, 2008). Children with divorced parents struggle with negative consequences emotionally, mentally, and academically compared to those children from intactRead MoreDivorce And Its Effect On Children998 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce has become very popular in the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, on average 50% of marriages result in a failed marriage. This percentage has been at it’s all time high. Not many couples have sustained a successful marriage in present days. Divorces have been around for a long time, and unfortunately kids have always been affected the most according to their age. As a result of divorce, there are many children that have to go through this situation at a very young ageRead MoreThe Effect Of Divorce On Children847 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome more unmanageable. According to Sirvanli-Ozen, recent studies confirm that the impacts of divorce on children are not restricted to the childhood period but are manifest during adolescence and adulthood as well. Many studies on the subject show that children who have experienced parent divorce have a lower degree of psychological accord and lower socioeconomic status in their adulthood (Amato Keith, 1991b; Biblarz Raftrey, 1993; Ross Mirowsky, 1999; Amato, 1996) and have more problemsRead MoreEffect Of Divorce On Children1207 Words   |  5 Pagesmarriages that end in divorce has been steadily increasing. When a marriage ends children are impacted and it’s not only emotional and devastating the couples but this also has a huge effect on the children of all ages involved. Many parents go thro ugh a divorce disaster with little knowledge of the effects that the children may go through. Some of the most common impacts that divorce has on children include the fact that children tend to start to blame themselves for the divorce, adjusting in areasRead MoreChildren Of Divorce And Its Effect On Children913 Words   |  4 PagesChildren of Divorce Children of divorce are numerous, the effects of their biological parents separation and subsequent divorce has lasting effects on their behavior, academics, and their emotions. No one seems to care about the prevalence of divorce in society today; it is no longer considered taboo. Every year more than half of all marriages between a male and female end in divorce (Weaver Schofield, 2015), and data from the 1990 census states that over one million

The Ethical Responsibilities Of Journalists - 962 Words

In the 21st century, journalists and news companies face a complex problem of rethinking their ethical responsibilities when they are dealing with social media outlets. Before reading the articles, my belief was that journalists should rethink their ethical responsibilities when it comes to using content from social media in their news feeds without consent, because if journalists are using someone s post without their consent then they lose the trust the public has with them. However after reading both the articles, the only way journalists can keep their ethical responsibilities is if they stop using social media as a source of information in their news feeds all together. For example, if journalist are allowed to use content from social media without consent in their articles, that is same thing as allowing kids to get away with plagrisim due to the reason that the internet is public. In the rare case that journalists use photos or videos from social media, they need to be 101 pe rcent sure they can verify its authenticity. Journalists shouldn t be using social media as a source of information in their news feeds but rather using it to see what people are talking about and are interested in knowing about (trending topics). In the article, â€Å"Is All of Twitter Fair Game for Journalists?† Amanda Hess discusses about a women, Christine Fox, who had posted an article on the twitter feed about rape victims. After a while, Buzz Feed got interested in the article posted by Fox;Show MoreRelatedLegal And Ethical Issues Of The Media1430 Words   |  6 Pagesmeans of mass communication. Many legal and ethical concerns arise when representing specific cultural demographics and the complex nature in which they exist. When representing indigenous Australians in the media, a deep understanding of cultural practices, beliefs, consent and privacy are critical in producing content that is both legally and ethically appropriate. Communication practitioners hold a specific responsibility to adopt legal and ethical frameworks that abide by and acknowledge theRead MoreEthical Principles, Morals And Values Of A Company Or Organization Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesimplemented to educate employees on the ethical principles, morals and values of a company or organization. Organizations such as the National Association for Social Workers (NASW), and the National Organization for Human Services (NOHS) have ethical codes in place for individuals working within the Human Services field. The American Psychological Association (APA) have ethical principles for psychologists. Furthermore, journalist’s and corporations have ethical codes they must follow, yet their codesRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics912 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand the ethical expectations of the organization. The code acts as a guide for employees to ensure they apply ethical decision making in the workplace. As the manager you will play an essential role in disseminating this information to employees as well as ensuring they are in compliance with the code. Employees must understand the consequences of failing to uphold the code and the importance of reporting ethical failures. To ensure your complete understanding of the importance of the ethical code IRead MoreThe Role Of Conventional Journalism And Citizen Journalism850 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical influences at the first stage. Codes of conduct and responsibility While Kant’s categorical imperative indicates that an ethical action is derived from a universal law, utilitarianism is based on the outcome and focuses on the good of greatest number of people. The universal law for journalists is the moral codes governing their practice, and the consequence of journalistic practice render their potential influence and responsibility. However, we can hardly predict the absolute outcome, orRead MoreThe Radio-Television News Directors Association: Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct1040 Words   |  4 Pagesestablishes this Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. PREAMBLE Professional electronic journalists should operate as trustees of the public, seek the truth, report it fairly and with integrity and independence, and stand accountable for their actions PUBLIC TRUST: Professional electronic journalists should recognize that their first obligation is to the public. Professional electronic journalists should: ? Understand that any commitment other than service to the public undermines trust andRead MoreCodes Of Ethics From Different Fields966 Words   |  4 Pagesare; 1. Society of professional journalists http://www.spj.org/ethicscode.asp 2. Australian Computer society http://courses.cs.vt.edu/~cs3604/lib/WorldCodes/Australia.Code.html 3. Code of ethics for librarians and other Information workers http://www.ifla.org/news/ifla-code-of-ethics-for-librarians-and-other-information-workers-full-version I chose the three codes of ethics depending on their nature. The nature of the careers varies and their responsibility to the community, the managementRead MoreThe Inethical Reporting of Michael Jackson1282 Words   |  5 Pagesalready in the public eye, who are in that position through choice or otherwise. There is no question that ‘celebrity sells’, but there has to be a burden of responsibility on each journalist to ensure that simply because the ‘public has an interest’ in an individual celebrity does not mean that every story is ‘in the public interest’. Journalists are required to adhere to the same set of principles irrespective of the individual or group upon which they are reporting and this includes ‘celebrities’Read MoreBusiness Code of Ethics Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesare important to the particular business needs. The Society of Professional Journalists has a code of ethics that guide journalists toward the proper reporting methods and protocol which is meant to ensure that fact based journalism is the result passed on to the community. The code of ethics consists of four major areas which include seeking the truth, minimizing harm, acting independently and accountability. Journalists should be held accountable to the code of ethics established by following aRead MoreCelebrities and Privacy1609 Words   |  7 Pagesfreedom of expression. The exercise of these freedoms â€Å"carries with it duties and responsibilities and may be subject to conditions and restrictions; for example, in the interests of the protection of the reputation or rights of others† (Fenell, 2008). MEAA Code of ethics gives a practical form to freedom of expression and encourages the journalists to have public responsibilities as an honest and efficient journalist that respect the rights of others. The 8th code of ethics in MEAA is to ‘use fairRead MoreThe Image Of Media1491 Words   |  6 Pagesconsidered by news agencies to decide if the image is suitable for a publication. The decision-making process of publishing images of graphic content varies by publication, and not all publication take the same position. For the Associated Press it was ethical to publish photographer Julie Jacobson’s image of Marine Lance Cpl. Joshua M. Bernard in the Afghanistan war. In 2009 a group of Marines were ambushed by Taliban figures in the Helmand province of Afghanistan. The AP photographer Jacobsen was in

The Importance of Drinking Water free essay sample

The Importance of Drinking Water It sounds so simple. H20 two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen. This substance is also known as water. Water is important to the mechanics of the human body. Water in the human body represent approximately 50-60% of body weight in adults and 75% of the body of a newborn. The three points that we will look at are: 1. What do we need water for? 2. How much water do we need to drink? 3. What happens if we do not drink enough water? Transition: First, you will learn why our body needs this important liquid. 1. What do we need water for? Water is necessary for the whole body to work: Water regulates body temperature, lubricates joints, eyes, nose and mouth, protects body organs and tissues, helps digestion, prevent constipation,prevents urinary infections and carrier nutrients and oxygen to cells. We need water for to keep the skin hydrated and our brain working to its full capacity. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Drinking Water or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Transition: Now you know why our body needs water. Let’s continue by discussing how much water we need to drink. 2. How much water do we need to drink? The body needs on average three liters of liquid a day. Two liters of liquid should be made up of water or other fluids, while one liter of water usually comes from the food that we eat. It is recommended to drink from 6 to 8 glasses a day for adults and 4 to 6 glasses per day for Children. Transition: Now you are aware of how much water our body needs, but what happens if we don’t drink enough water? Let’s continue. 3. What happens if we do not drink enough water? If we dont drink enough, dehydration results, can which cause chronic diseases such as kidney problems, heart problems or high blood pressure. The first sign of dehydration is the general feeling of being very thirsty. As the body continues to lose water, our daily life can be affected. The lack of water will affect the way we work including our concentration. We can begin to experience fatigue and general body weakness, the joints begin to ache and we experience cramps and constipation. Without water, we can get dizzy and get headaches. Externally, the skin loses it’s healthy shine; hair and nails become fragile and lusterless. If we dont drink enough water, dehydration can lead to more serious illness or death. Transition: We are now aware of the importance of drinking water and why our bodies need this vital liquid. We know the amount of water that our body needs and the consequences if we do not drink enough water . In conclusion, the human body cannot work without water, just as a car cannot run without gas and oil. In fact, all the cells and organ functions that make up our body depend on water for their functioning.