Cloning :: essays research papers

The History of CloningThe theory of being able to make a genetic copy (a clone) of some other animal has been around for quite a while. In this section as the title reads I will show the history of cloning.400 million years B. C.- Plants realise been cloning themselves since not to long (as far as the Earth is concerned) after their introduction to our planet. They send out runners that create an identical copy of the p arnt plant. 1938- Hans Spermann, of Germany, envisions what he calls the "fantastical experiment". He suggests taking the nucleus from a cell in the late-stage embryo and transplanting that nucleus into an egg.1952- Scientists Robert Briggs and T.J. King use a pipet to suck the nucleus from the cell of an advanced frog embryo, they then add it to a frog egg. The egg didnt develop.1970- John Gurdon tries the same experiment with the same procedure. The ball developed into tadpoles but died after they were ready to begin feeding. He later showed that transpl anted nuclei revert to an embryonic state.1973- Ian Wilmut just finishes his doctorate at Cambridge University when he produces the first calfskin born from a frozen embryo. Cows only give birth to five to ten calves in a lifetime. By taking frozen embryos produced by cows that provide the best meat or milk then transferring that to permutation mother it allows cattle farmers increase the quality of their herd.Mid to late 1970s- Scientists cut down(a) small forests publishing research papers arguing the ethics of cloning and if it can be done. While they do this other researches around the world are actually investigating if it can be done. 1981- Karl Illmensee and Peter Hoppe enshroud that they clone normal mice and embryo cells. It is later found to be a fraud.1982- James McGrath and Davor Solter report that they can not repeat the mouse cloning experiment. They conclude that once mouse embryos r each(prenominal) the two cell stage they cannot be used for cloning. Others veri fy their results.1993- Embryologists at George Washington University cloned human embryos they took cell groups from 17 human embryos (defective ones that an infertility clinic was going to discard), all two to eight cells in size. They teased apart cells , grew each one in a lab dish and a few got to 32 cells- a size when they can be planted into a surrogate mother, although they werent.

A Comparison of Persuasive Techniques in To His Coy Mistress and An

A Comparison of Persuasive Techniques in To His Coy Mistress and An dish out To A Love Letter To His Coy Mistress is a poem written by Andrew Marvell (1621 - 1678). From the poem, it can be seen that he is trying to persuade his mistress to have sex with him. Although the male persona that reveals this story, the intent of Marvell was in all probability for humour and as entertainment for others. An Answer To A Love Letter is another poem, written by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689 - 1762), but in contrast to Marvells, it is apply to reject an admirers interest and could be seen as a reply. The poem describes how a female persona declines an admirer. While this story takes place, Montagu simultaneously rebukes men in general. This drop may have been caused by her bad experiences in marriage. Both poems use persuasion, although for different purposes. Andrew Marvell was born at Winestead-in-Holderness, Yorkshire, on March 31, 1621. At 3 days old, he m oved to Hull where his father, Reverend Andrew Marvell became a lecturer at Holy Trinity Church. Andrew Marvell was educated at Hull Grammar School and studied at Trinity College in Cambridge. Two poems that he had written, one in Greek and one in Latin, were printed in 1637. The next year he was accepted as a Scholar of Trinity College and took his B.A. degree. Within a few days, his mother had died and after his father died also within 2 years, he left Cambridge. It was in this period, after he started travelling in Europe, that he wrote To His Coy Mistress. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu was born in 1689, the eldest daughter of the Duke of Kingston. Her family were wealthy, but n... ...rue of Montagus poem. In the alike way, Montagus logical argument is shown by the structure. Montagu has different sectionalizations in her poem and although she has not split it into stanzas, the divisions are quite obvious. The first section is about the admirer, how he has everything, is marital and should not try to seduce her. She then scolds men in general in the next section, insulting men and showing her disgust. In her next section, she describes how she had been injure before, how someone has already taken her heart and broken it. She tells how she feels men lie and deceive in the following section before ending with a section on the consequences. Although both do use logical argument, it is more evident in To His Coy Mistress as his is split into the different stanzas while An Answer To A Love Letter is not.

The Character of Uncle Ben in Death of a Salesman Essay -- Death Sales

The Character of Uncle Ben in death of a Salesman The character of Ben in Arthur Millers remnant of A Salesman serves a complex dramatic function. He is Willy Lomans real brother, the idealized memory of that brother, and an aspect of Willys own personality, and these distinct functions are sometimes simultaneous. Through his vulturous actions and vibrant speech, the audience is given a strong contrast to Willys self-doubt and self-contradiction. In addition, the encounters between Ben and Willy serve as an extended examination of professional and familial morality. Finally, Ben personifies the burden of Willys expectations in regards to both material success and the proper role of a father. The most fundamental of Bens characteristics evident in his language is his haste. Appearing in the middle of Willy and Charleys card game, Bens first words are, I only have a few minutes (45). He makes his departure shortly after announcing, Ill be late for my train (52). During his second ap pearance, he declares, I havent much time and Ive got to go (85-6). These lines are emblematic. In the two scenes with his brother that are based on Willys memories, Ben comes and goes when he chooses, despite sometimes desperate pleas that he stay. This is in direct contrast to Willy, whose life has been structured around appointments and whose livelihood depends on the forbearance of nuzzle strangers. Because of his position as a traveling salesman, Willy never controls the parameters of his interaction with other people. He calls upon customers and must depend upon their willingness to see him in order to make a living. Willys affair with The Woman is only partially motivated by a need for sexual fulfillme... ...l Ben. The briefness of these meetings also serves to convince Willy of his own inferiority by concealing any difficulties that might have existed in Bens life. Ben has exactly the wrong degree of interaction with Willy. If he were entirely absent, he would not haunt hi s jr. brother so. If he were more fully present, he would either have been of more comfort to Willy, or have been revealed as a more fully human, less mythic character. As it is, Ben serves only to remind him of his past loss, emphasize his current failure, and provide the means of his final destruction. Works Cited Centola, Steven R. Family Values in Death of A Salesman. CLA Journal. 37.1 (1993) 29-41. Jacobsen, Irving F. Family Dreams in Death of A Salesman. American Literature. 47 (1975) 247-58. Miller, Arthur. Death of A Salesman. New York Penguin, 1976.

Russian Revolution :: Russian Russia History

Russian RevolutionBetween 1861 and 1917, Russian society had undergone many changes. It is safe to study that every aspect of that society had been some how modified. These changes led up to the Bolshevik revolution in November of 1917. Given the nature of Russian society, was the Bolshevik revolution necessary? Among the changes Russian society had undergone, one starts off the whole chain of events. This was the emancipation of the serfs, in 1861, by Czar Alexander. The emancipation freed 44 million peasants. The Czar knew that the provided way to end the discontent of the serfs and to show that Russia too was a modern society would be to let them free. The Edict of Emancipation caused many problems these uneducated peasants. The solid ground now assigned to them was smaller then the plots they were using as serfs. This was an average of 8 acres. There was also a forty-nine year period over which installments could be paid before the peasants were given full ownership of the l and. In fact many peasants were still working for their landlords after the edict. Because of his efforts Alexander was nicknamed the liberator. Despite fine-looking the serfs their freedom, Alexanders actions cause more problems then they solved. After the unification of Germany between 1861 and 1891, which accelerated its military and political power, Russia too felt it should industrialize. A man named Sergei Witte, who was Minister of finance from 1892-1903, almost single-handedly pushed Russia into its industrialization. He knew that Russia needed something to start her on the road to industrialization. Wittes efforts made industrial advances from 1892 to 1910. Between 1880 and 1914, Russia had a growth rate of 3.5%. This would have sure brought Russian higher in the rank of industrial and economical world powers. It was said that all Russia needs is 20 years of peace, without war and she will not be in risk of revolution. Unfortunately, the statement was ignored and in 1904, Russia commenced a yearlong war with Japan. The Czars ministers had assured him that the war with Japan would be an easy victory. In fact Russia suffered a devastating defeat. This leads to the revolution of 1905. Along with industrialization, Russia needed to educate the population. A large majority of the population was illiterate, and factories were looking for more skilled workers. The nurture of the people led to the growing popularity of several anti-Czarist groups.

An Interpretation of Emily Dickinsons Poem I Felt a Funeral, in My Bra

An Interpretation of Emily Dickinsons Poem I Felt a Funeral, in My Brain To understand any poem by Emily Dickinson is a challenge. After reading this poem a few times, I decided that the only elan to comment on it was to scan all the possible meanings of certain lines and words that Dickinson chose to use. This is my own interpretation of the poem, not to be confused with a definite report of what Dickinson was trying to convey in her writing of I Felt a Funeral, in my Brain (280). I decided that the best way to comprehend Dickinsons core was to pay more attention to the feelings created and senses stimulated by reading and rereading the poem itself. I came to the conclusion that the author is in deep pain over the want of a loved one or a very prominent part of her life in the past. Emily compares her feelings to those provoked while attending a funeral. She focuses near on the senses of touch and sound. She felt a funeral, heard the beating of drums--rather odd sensations for someone to express unless they feel pain equal to that felt at the closing of someone loved and needed. Therefore, it is obvious that Dickinson is writing this poem from experience, not observation. In the first stanza, the poet begins by stating I Felt a Funeral, in my Brain, and Mourners to and fro/ kept treading- treading- till it seemed/ That Sense was breaking through. In these opening lines, Dickinson is describing the beginning stages of a funeral edgeion. You have the friends, quiet and subdued, treading across the heart of he one who loved the deceased most-Dickinson herself. I dont think that the word Sense is used here in the physical tense, but sense as in mental sense, as in realizations or w... ...behind or places to run for comfort. The last line, And Finished knowing- consequently-is one I interpreted two ways. It could mean that she herself has died, and no longer must deal with the pain. Or it could act as the death of her soul. Sh e stopped knowing anything, because reality had settled in. The shock of if all (the numbness) has evaporated, and now the author decides to give up on fighting off the pain. I saw this poem as Dickinsons attempt at describing the process of mourning over a loved one. I had inclinations to believe that she is describing her own death, but then I had too many contradicting thoughts on that interpretation. Therefore, I believe that the poet has undergone a serious loss of some sort, and is either figuratively or literally describing the process of recovering from the pain that such a loss ignites inside the survivor.

An Interpretation of Emily Dickinsons Poem I Felt a Funeral, in My Bra

An Interpretation of Emily Dickinsons Poem I Felt a Funeral, in My Brain To understand every poem by Emily Dickinson is a challenge. After reading this poem a few times, I decided that the only way to comment on it was to graze all the possible meanings of certain lines and words that Dickinson chose to use. This is my own interpretation of the poem, not to be confused with a definite idea of what Dickinson was trying to convey in her writing of I Felt a Funeral, in my Brain (280). I decided that the best way to comprehend Dickinsons message was to pay more maintenance to the feelings created and senses stimulated by reading and rereading the poem itself. I came to the conclusion that the author is in deep pain over the loss of a loved wiz or a very prominent part of her life in the past. Emily compares her feelings to those provoked while attending a funeral. She focuses most on the senses of touch and sound. She snarl a funeral, heard the beating of drums--rathe r odd sensations for someone to express unless they feel pain equal to that felt at the death of someone loved and needed. Therefore, it is diaphanous that Dickinson is writing this poem from experience, not observation. In the first stanza, the poet begins by stating I Felt a Funeral, in my Brain, and Mourners to and fro/ kept treading- treading- till it seemed/ That smack was breaking through. In these opening lines, Dickinson is describing the beginning stages of a funeral procession. You have the friends, quiet and subdued, treading across the heart of he one who loved the deceased most-Dickinson herself. I dont think that the word Sense is used here in the physical tense, but sense as in mental sense, as in realizations or w... ...behind or places to run for comfort. The drop dead line, And Finished cunning-then-is one I interpreted two ways. It could mean that she herself has died, and no longer must deal with the pain. Or it could represent the death of her s oul. She stopped knowing anything, because reality had settled in. The shock of if all (the numbness) has evaporated, and now the author decides to give up on fighting off the pain. I saw this poem as Dickinsons attempt at describing the process of mourning over a loved one. I had inclinations to believe that she is describing her own death, but then I had too galore(postnominal) contradicting thoughts on that interpretation. Therefore, I believe that the poet has undergone a serious loss of some sort, and is either figuratively or literally describing the process of recovering from the pain that such a loss ignites inside the survivor.

Children and Young people Essay

Traditionally the legal the legal age of adulthood was 21 but in the past 20-30 years most jurisdictions have move this age to 18. Article 1 of the Convention on the experts of the peasant (CROC) states that anyone chthonian the age of 18 is child. Also the Children and young persons (c ar and protection) Act 1998 (NSW) defines a young person as someone aged between 16-18. These definitions are important because laws treat children and young people differently to adults. Before the late nineteenth century children committing criminal acts were hard-boiled in the same way as adult offenders. The concept of an age before which a person could not be held criminally responsible -doli incapax did not exist, and children as young as seven were convicted of serious criminal offences. There were two signifi toilettet events in the 1980s that pass on the rights of children and young people internationally and in common law countries.The two events were the signature of the United Natio ns Convention on the rights of child (CROC) and the Gillick case. The Convention on the rights of the child (1989) sets out a comprehensive set of rights for all children and young people. These rights cover civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. The Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Health Authority (1985) was a sept of Lords last. The department of health and Social Security has distributed a flyer advising doctors that they could lawfully provide contraception and advice to persons under 16 years old without parents consent. The mother of 5 daughters brought and action against the health authority and the DHSS based on her belief that a child under 16 was too young to make such decision without parental consent.The court of appeal allowed Mrs Gillicks appeal and took the matter to the House of Lords with affirmed the appeal on the basis that 16 years old was adequate to(p) of consent in medical matters provided that she has sufficient understanding and intell igence to understand fully what is proposed. In other military mans children have the rights and ability to make decisions to affect their lives and they can do so competently as long as they understand the implications of their decisions Childrens have the right to education and is compulsory for children aged 6-15 to attend groom under the Education Act 1990(NSW) Under section 22 of this Act, parents mustiness send their children to a government or non-government School registered with the NSW board of studies.There is no minimum legal age limit for young workers according to the office of industrial relations in NSW however if they are under 15 they must receive authorisation from the NSW Department of Education and Training to leave school. puppyish people in workplace are covered by all the relevant workplace and safety legislation for workers in NSW. The High Court of Australia followed the decision in the Gillick case and stated that once a person has sufficient maturity date and intelligence to understand what is proposed she or he is capable of consenting to medical treatment. Parents have the responsibility to seek proper medical cared for their children even if they have ghostly objections. The children and Young Persons (Care and protection) Act 1998 (NSW) section 174 authorise a medical Practitioner to carry out emergency treatment on a child or young persons without parental consents.Young people do not have the right to leave their parents home before 18 however the law would not normally force young people over 16 to stay at home against their wishes. Children and young people are protected from discrimination on the basis of age by the Anti- Discrimination Act 1977 (NSW). This act also outlaws discrimination on the basis of sex, race, and sexuality. The Convention of the rights of the child (CROC) is a legal appliance which has been important in putting the rights of children on the global agenda. Once a nation has signed and ratified a treaty the United Nations committee anatomical structure monitors and reports on the extent to which hat nation is complying with its international obligation, the committees limitation is that it has no coercive powers.Another legal appliance is the childrens court. across NSW there are 13 childrens magistrates siting in seven specialists childrens court there also five childrens registrar appointed under the childrens court Act 1998(NSW) to assist in administration of matters before the court. Trade unions are organisations of workers who act together to maintain their rights to good working condition. The Australian council of trade unions (ACTU) provides information about pay and conditions, health and safety issues, apprentice- ships and training and negotiating employment contracts for young people entering the workforce for the first time. Trade unions are a Non-Legal mechanism for protecting rights of children and young people. The kids Helpline are just one of the many organisations from which children and young people in crisis can seek advice. It is a non-legal mechanism just like trade unions.It offers 24hr free telephone and online counselling. If children and young people come into contact with the criminal justice system, it usually through interaction with a police officer when being arrested or questions about some matter. Seventy eight per cent of the 843 children and young people surveyed said that the police rarely treated young people with sufficient respect. It could be argued that children and young people l on the whole do not have good relationship with the police. Young people are frequently targeted for police intervention for lacking respect or simply for being young and out in the public. Children around the world are exploited and abused where the laws of their countries fail to offer protections to them.There are approximately 250 million child labourers worldwide. In 2007 it was estimated there were as many as 300 000 childr en and young people involved in armed conflict with up to 100000 of these believed to be in Africa. In countries ravaged by state of war and famine children lack the protection normally afforded to them within the family. Very recently in Australia children sat in immigration detention centres having broken no laws, as a result of the previous federal governments punitive laws relating to asylum seekers.In other countries minors are still being executed for the crimes they have commit The rights on children have come a long way. Australian legislation has established processes and institutions to recognise and protect the important role that children and young people be given in out in our society. There is still cause for great concern about the exploitation and abuse of children internationally. The force of international law relies on the domestic measures taken to implement the rights contained in treaties such CROC and the pressure brought to bear by parties not only by trea ty based human right committees.

Solar Panels vs. Trees

Solar Panels Vs. Trees Many consumers nominate some(prenominal) questions if whether or not if their neighbors can block access to their solar panels with shading. In the case of Solar vs. Trees, the trees ar the unmatcheds that block the solar panels from direct sunlight. Both these men ar environmentally friendly. In terms of loving the environment it seems that neither one can bakshis the other. (NPR 62) When it comes to the decision of cutting down trees to get sunlight for solar panels, which one seems to have the upper hand in this situation? I believe Mr. Treanor should have the upper hand in this situation involving his trees and Mr.Varguss solar panel installation. Mr. Treanor trees had been planted first and Mr. Vargus did not seem to mention the fact that the trees were interrupting the growth of the gamboge he had planted. There are several reason as to why Mr. Vargus is wrong in filing the lawsuit against Mr. Treanor. Mr. Vargus used his knowledge of the Solar c reep cultivate aft(prenominal) the matter of knowing his neighbors trees were casting a long shadow over his property. Mr. Vargus never certified Mr. Treanor of his findings. It was only later on the tree had grown to its full height that Mr.Vargus installed the solar panels that he offered Mr. Treanor that he would pay for the tree to be cut down himself. Since Mr. Treanor planted the sequoia trees first. The one immense mistake he made was the fact that he did not do his research so that he could be well acquainted with the sequoia trees and to see nicely how tall the redwood trees grow and the environment that they pick out to be grown in. He also did not consider any of the put on the line factors that could possibly pass by when planting a redwood and living in one of the areas that has a high risk of earthquake.For someone that has never seen a redwood tree, it can be larger than life. The average redwood tree can amount up to three hundred and seventy five feet tall. These trees have been confront before man himself came on earth. If a live redwood were to fall over it will continue to grow. At that point if the tree that has fallen over has not been disturbed will continue to grow and produce even more redwoods trees. First of all, redwoods depend on 30 percent of fog to peeing their every need. The fog is absorbed directly into leaves and all the way down to their roots.Living in authorized parts of calcium especially one of them being Santa Clara mode we hardly receive any of this fog except our large amounts of sunshine. Living in Santa Clara also means you live close to the San Andres fault line. If an earthquake were to occur the redwood tree that Mr. Treanor planted could easily break from the ground and fall onto one of his neighbors houses. Therefore producing a larger amount of redwoods. Although there is cause for several complications, redwoods are of necessity in our environment. Originally Redwoods covered 2 million acres in the forest.Today there is about 117,000 acres left. There is an urgent need to restore these damaged lands so they will once again resemble majestic ancient forests and provide homes for animals that rely on them. (All About Redwoods) Even though Mr. Treanor did not take the necessary precautions he should have, Mr. Vargus should have brought his discovery to Mr. Treanor and proceed to develop a plan in which they both would have come to a compromise. When Mr. Vargus first attempted to plant his corn he knew he needed sunlight to ensure its growth. Mr.Vargus planted his corn closet to the fence line where the tone of voice was more evident. Mr. Vargus knew at that moment that the corn that he planted would not grow due to the amount of shade that was covering the side of his house. At that precise moment he was indifferent of the situation with the growth of Mr. Treanors trees. It was later that Mr. Vargus spent thousands of dollars to install the solar panels after the fact of the matter that he was well informed of the Solar Shade/Rights arrange. This act was created to perform a solar access structure.This law that included security was to allow sunlight and prevent shading of systems and to limitation the ability homeowner associations and governments from solar nil resources. Mr. Vargus did offer to pay $10,000 to have the trees cut down. He was also well informed of the Solar Shade Act law and took advantage of the situation. What he did not take into consideration was the fact that trees one two and three had been planted before the installment of his solar brawniness system. They had been there before he made his attempt to plant his corn plant.The Solar Shade Act was to provide limited protection to solar energy owners from shading that has been caused by any other resources. This law was to prevent property owners from allowing a blocking to their solar energy system prior installment. Resources planted after prior installment was and should to be removed. Shading is only allowed to block 10 percent of the solar energy systems on a neighboring property during certain hours. This applies to existing or newly planted trees that do not cast an overlooking shadow within the first year f installation. The Solar Rights Act allows us to balance the essential needs of each individual solar system owner along with other property owners by allowing the development of solar access rights. The SRA limits its conditions and restrictions that are enforced by homeowners and local government agencies on solar installations. The also creates legal rights to solar interest and requires local agencies to help assert the cooling and heating opportunities in developing new projects.The California Solar Rights Act of1978 does not necessarily bar reasonable restrictionson solar installations, only it does establish its legal right to exercise a solar convenience. Which defines that energy systems are met with its requirements. It is to also co ntrol the government ordinances that would confine solar energy systems. The California Solar Shade Control Act was passed in the late 1970s after the oil crisis and lines at the gas stations (NBR 62) made an impact on lawmakers and made them aware of the importance of alternative energy use.In the result of the oil crisis there were many states that adopted laws to encourage and promote renewable energy resources, which structured solar energy. In the recent years there has been a large amount of renewed energy. Many homes today have solar panels installed. There are more than 60 million Americans that are limited to the growth of solar energy use which bring about the Solar Shade Act and making it the most popular in homeownership. These laws have been in place for more than 30 years.The Solar Rights Act fought to promote and support the wide-ranging use of solar energy systems and to defend and help aid the right to use to the sunlight, which is an essential component to operate our solar energy systems. Even though the law is more than 30 years old, the Solar Rights Act is a large contributory factor that plays a significant role to Californias strong policy commitment to solar energy, and it is also the foundation for the act that is of relevance to all of us today and helps to continue its support for Californias solar energy programs.

Hess’s Law

Enthalpy and Hesss Law Lab Introduction Every chemical reaction is accompanied by a change in cacoethes. Thermochemical reactions include the hot up of reaction as part of the equation. The warming released or absorb in a reaction at regular pressure is the Enthalpy change (? Hrxn) for the reaction. The enthalpy change for severally reaction is unique to that reaction. Many esteems for ? Hrxn were by experimentation determined, and many were calculated used Hesss law.This lab will illustrate the principle of Hesss law if a reaction can be carried bulge out in a series of steps, the sum of the enthalpies for each step equals the enthalpy change for the overall reaction. ?Hrxn = ? Hstep1 + ? Hstep2 . The three reactions that we will be using are as follows Reaction 1 Reaction 2 Reaction 3 NaOH(s) + HCl(aq) ? NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) ? NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) NaOH(s) ? NaOH(aq) Since reaction 1 can be obtained by adding reactions 2 and 3, the ? Hrxn1 should equal ? Hrxn2 + ? Hrxn3. At constant pressure ? Hrxn = qp. We cannot directly measure ?Hrxn or qp, but we can measure the change in temperature for a solution, and using the specific heat of the solution, and the grams of solution, we can stimulate qp using the following equation Equation 1 q = (grams of solution) x (specific heat of solution) x ? T The heat that is released by the reaction will be absorbed by both the surroundings in this case, the body of water in the solution and the calorimeter itself Equation 2 qrxn = -(qsolution + qcalorimeter) Since every groups calorimeter is slightly different, the heat dexterity for the calorimeter will need to experimentally determine before it is used.Pre-Lab Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Define ? Hrxn. Define specific heat, and heat capacity. How are these two terms different? The specific heat of a solution is 4. 18 J/gK and its density is 1. 02g/mL. The solution is formed by combining 25. 0mL of solution A with 25. 0mL of solution B, with each solut ion initially at 21. 4C. The final temperature of the combined solutions is 25. 3C. Calculate the heat of reaction, qrxn, assuming no heat loss to the calorimeter. If the calorimeter in the reaction above has a Heat potentiality of 8. 20J/C, recalculate the qrxn, taking the heat loss to the calorimeter into account.If the reaction above between solutions A and B goes as follows A(aq) + B(aq) ? AB(aq), and the groynearity of A in solution A is 0. 60M, and the molarity of B in solution B is 0. 60M, what is the enthalpy of reaction (? Hrxn), for the formation of 1 mole of AB in solution. Express ? Hrxn in kJ/mol Materials NaOH(s) HCl(aq, 1. 0M) 250mL Beaker Digital Thermometer Graduated Cylinder Balance Distilled Water NaOH(aq, 1. 0M) Calorimeter w/ Lid Magnetic Stirrer and Stir Bar Procedure Part 1 find the heat capacity of the Calorimeter 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.Set up a calorimeter of two nested cups with a cover inside a beaker. Measure 50. 0mL of room temp distilled water into t he calorimeter. Place the calorimeter on a magnetic stirrer and add a stir bar, set the stir bar to stir slowly. (Alternatively, gently stir the solution with the thermometer. ) Record the Temperature of the water in the calorimeter. Heat or obtain roughly 75mL of 70? C water. Measure out 50. 0mL of this water using a graduated cylinder. Record the temperature of the bouncy water, and pour the unrecorded water into the room temp water in the calorimeter. Cover the calorimeter and insert the thermometer. . Stir and record the temperature every 20 seconds for three minutes. 10. avoid and teetotal the inside of the calorimeter, thermometer, and stir bar. Part 2 Determining the heats of Reaction Reaction 1 NaOH(s) ? NaOH(aq) 1. Weigh out about 2. 0g of NaOH(s). Record the actual weight. 2. number 100. 0mL of room temperature water to the calorimeter. 3. Start the stir bar and record the temperature of the water. 4. Add the NaOH(s), and record the temperature once every 20 seconds, until it stops changing. 5. Dump out the NaOH(aq) into the sink, moisten out, and dry the calorimeter, thermometer, and stir bar.Reaction 2 NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) ? NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) 6. Combine 50. 0mL of 1. 0M NaOH and 50. 0mL 1. 0M HCl, in the calorimeter, 7. Record the temperature once every 20 seconds, until it stops changing. 8. Dump out the solution into the sink, moisten and dry the calorimeter, thermometer, and stir bar. Reaction 3 NaOH(s) + HCl(aq) ? NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) 9. Measure 50. 0mL of Distilled water into the calorimeter. 10. Add 2. 0g of NaOH(s) (Record the actual weight) and 50. 0mL of 1. 0M HCl to your calorimeter 11. Record the temperature once every 20 seconds, until it stops changing.. 12.Dump out the solution into the sink, rinse and dry the calorimeter, thermometer, and stir bar. Data Create a data table to hold all of your data for the 2 parts. Make sure you have a space for the initial and final temperatures, as well as the mass or volume for each reactant. Cal culations 1. Calculate the Heat Capacity of the Calorimeter. a. When equal volumes of hot and cold water are combined, if there is no heat loss the bare-ass temperature should be the comely of the two starting temperatures. In actual practice, the new temperature will be slightly less than the average because of heat lost to the calorimeter assembly.Additionally, when two solutions are mixed the thermometer cannot instantaneously record the temperature of the combined solutions. The solutions require nearly time to become completely mixed, and the thermometer needs time to come to temperature equilibrium with the solution. The theoretical temperature that the mixture would have if the process occurred instantaneously can be rig from a graph. Plot the data with temperature on the vertical axis versus time on the horizontal axis. The first few points may be erratic because of incomplete mixing and lack of temperature equilibrium with the thermometer.The points that follow should o ccur in a straight line as the temperature slowly drops while heat is lost to the calorimeter and to the surroundings. develop a straight line through these points, and extend it back to find the temperature at time zero, the theoretical instantaneous temperature of mixing, Tmix. See Figure 1. b. Calculate the average temperature of the hot and cold water, Tavg. c. The difference between the average temperature, Tavg and the instantaneous temperature, Tmix, is due to the fact that some heat was lost by the water and absorbed by the calorimeter.Calculate q water, the heat lost by the water qwater = (grams of water) x (specific heat of water) x (Tmix Tavg) where qwater = heat lost by water and the specific heat of water is 4. 18 J/(gC). The heat absorbed by the calorimeter, qcalorimeter, will be equal to that lost by the water but opposite in sign. qcalorimeter = ? qwater d. Calculate the heat capacity of the calorimeter, Ccalorimeter, which is the heat that the calorimeter absorbs each time the temperature of the solution changes 1C Ccalorimeter =qwater / (Tmix -Tinitial) where Tinitial is the initial temperature of the cool water. . Calculate ? H for Each Reaction. e. Graph the temperature versus time for each of the three reactions tested. Extrapolate the line back to find the theoretical instantaneous mixing temperature, Tmix, as you did above. f. Calculate the amount of heat evolved in each reaction, qrxn, by assuming that all of the heat is absorbed by the solutions and the calorimeter qrxn = heat absorbed by solution + heat absorbed by calorimeter qrxn = (grams of solution x specific heat of solution x ? Tsolution ) + (Ccalorimeter x ? Tsolution) where ? Tsolution = (Tmix Tinitial) for each reaction mixture.Assume that the density of the solutions is 1. 03 g/mL, and that the specific heat of the solutions is the same as that of water, 4. 18 J/(gC). g. 3. Calculate the value of the enthalpy change, ? H, in terms of kJ/mole for each of the reactions. V erify Hesss Law. . h. i. j. Discussion Conclusion Write net ionic equations for the three reactions involved. Show how you must get dressed the first two equations to algebraically find the third. Calculate the value of ? H for the third reaction from your ? H values for the first two reactions using Hesss law. come upon the percent difference between the calculated and measured values.

Iron Crowned Chapter 26

So, let me make sure Im following this correctly.I sighed and shifted on the bed, knowing Dorian was repeating this conversation mostly because he liked beholding my discomfort.Your technology can tell you youre having a boy and a girl, when theyre due, and onlyow you to hear their heartbeats, he continued. and some medicine inexplicably totally counteracted the other one you go for to prevent pregnancy.Took, I muttered. Seeing as its kind of depictless now.Dorian leaned back in a plush armchair, face expressing oerly dramatic pondering. later on fainting, Id been given a guest mode befitting my status, a good sign since hospitality simply meant protection and in no way relate to ones accommodations. It wasnt quite as nice as Dorians room, of course, but the mattress was thick and fluffy, and the green velvet canopy coordinated with the heavy brocaded bedding. As sick as Id felt, I honestly would declare been content to curl up on the floor somewhere. Id been awake for about an hour now, alone in the vast room save for Dorian.What a fascinatingly bizarre turn of events, he mused, stroking his chin. If you thought the Iron Crown scared people, just wait until this upstarts dispenses. Which, of course, it already has.I draped a hand over my forehead. Isnt it bad enough that Im carrying a world-conquering prognostication child? Why all the political fallout?Because youre carrying a world-conquering prophecy child, he responded. Its the type of thing people tend to have strong feelings about.I thought almost everyone wanted to conquer the human world.Most, he agreed. But not all. Especially those who after observing your record thus far readiness fear youll conquer this world first.I rolled over to my side, giving me a better view of him. Since the earlier spectacle, Dorian had masked whatever personal feelings he had about my pregnancy, switching into cunning ruler mode. But not you, I give tongue to. Youve always been in favor of this fulfilling the prophecy.Ive never made a secret of that, he agreed. From the moment we met.That was true, at least. Hed sat on that want while we were involved, but Id always known it lurked. Youve just kept other secrets instead, I blurted out.He didnt answer me right away, but those green-gold eyes weighed me thoughtfully. Yes. Yes, I have. Secrets I now regret.That silenced me for several moments. I hadnt expected any kind of apology. Something in me softened toward him. Really?If I hadnt deceived you about the Iron Crown, he explained, we would unsounded be together.I could only stare. The piece of me that had never stopped loving him tentatively reared its head. It was hard to believe he was here confessing his feelings, admitting that what wed had had been more important than his scheming. It gave me a new insight into him, one that astonished yet pleased me.And if wed stayed together, he continued, I would have been the lucky beneficiary of this medicinal situation.So much for new in sight.I groaned and turned away. Of course. Of course thats the real source of your regret. You dont get to lead the revolution.I perceive him get up and sit on the bed beside me. A few seconds later, he actually had the audacity to lie down. I wiggled over to make room.Its more than revolution, he said. I also told you the first time we met that Id have a child with you, regardless of any prophecy.Im not convinced that the with me part was so relevant.Dorian touched my cheek and turned my face toward his. Do you in reality believe that? Do you really believe my feelings for you were so small that your being the mother of my child wouldnt have meant the world to me?I started to snarkily correct him with worlds, but it seemed petty. I dont know what I believe, I said honestly. I dont even know if I have the energy or motivation to analyze our relationship when I have this going on. I rested my hand on my stay. Dorians eyes followed that motion, utterly captivated.Despite your fool ish fathering choices, this He reached toward my tolerate as well, then pulled back. This is a miracle. This is a prophecy fulfilled. This is life. And really, Kiyo is no longer relevant. Hes given up any claims to these children. They are yours and yours alone now.My fingers tightened on my stomach, not painfully, but more in a possessive type of way. My gaze grew unfocused. I still cant believe that. I cant believe that hed dismiss his own children so easily. That hed dismiss me so easily I doubt it was easy. You arent that easy to get over. A small note of bitterness there. But his opposition to the prophecy was too big. Just as my support is great enough to take you in despite your betrayal and embark in the madness to come.Betrayal? I started to tell him he was the last one who should charge anyone of that but held back. Will people retrieve youre crazy to do it?Hardly, he snorted. Most will think theyre my children anyway, ironically enough. No one except Jasmine had h eard my brief paternity exchange with Dorian in the hall.I frowned. I think sometimes Kiyo does too.They can be.My first reaction was that this was some sort of conjuration of his, but all humor had disappeared from his face. I dont think you fully understand genetics.I understand that parenting is more than just blood, he said, still deadly earnest. And as I said hes relinquished any claims. You are in control, and if even he and others question the childrens parentage, then so much the better. Simply declare me the father. fox it recorded, and by our laws, the children will be mine for all intents and purposes.Something about that set off my alarms. What do you mean intents and purposes?He shrugged a bit too casually. Titles. Prestige. Protection. hereditary pattern if either is strong enough to hold my kingdom. Which, according to the prophecy, your son should be.I dont know, I said. There might be some safety benefits to this sort of aristocracy adoption, but I had a feeli ng that Dorian wasnt telling me all of them particularly things that benefited him alone. He was still upset with me. He didnt like Kiyo. There was no reason that I could see for this. I have to think about it.Think fast, Dorian said. Things will be in motion soon, particularly in one case we get you back to your own lands.Why? I asked. Why would you want to claim someone elses children? I mean, I get your wanting to see the prophecy come true, but you dont have to take that extra step.Maybe someone elses children are better than no children at all, he said.It was another odd line of reasoning from him, a surprising one. Both philosophical and touching. Yet, I still believed there was a deception here. This wasnt out of love for me. Not anymore. His hand moved toward my stomach again and he didnt pull it away this time, though he made sure to keep away from my hand.Let me ask you a question, he said when I made no response. Why did you choose to keep these children? Do you fear th e unholy procedure your people use to end life? Were you ineffective to live with your daughters blood on your hands?My mind rewound back to that day at the doctors. That day? Hell. It had only been earlier today. So much had happened since then that weeks might have gone by. My horrible ordeal with Kiyo had blurred the memories, but now, the ultrasound came back to me, the sights and sounds as real and vivid as though I were experiencing them all over again.I heard their heartbeats, I said at last. And I saw them. Well, kind of. Those blurs still didnt look like much to me, but the point was irrelevant. And when I did I groped to explain my feelings. I just I just wanted them. Both of them. None of the rest mattered.A slow, strange smile spread across Dorians face. That, he declared, is the most gentry thing Ive ever heard you say.Normally, I would have mocked him for using gentry instead of shining ones. It was a slip he sometimes made around me. His words content, however, was of more importance. Thats ridiculous.Not so. Humans overthink things. They throw away life heedlessly. Honestly, after all this time, I was beginning to think you were more human than shining one.I hate to tell you, but I am, I said.Dorian made himself more comfortable, and the hand on my stomach moved so that his arm lay over me, almost but not quite an embrace. It was possessive, like I was a prize that had fallen into his lap. atomic number 18 you, my dear? Youre expressing philosophies very like my own. Youre carrying a child that will allegedly conquer the human world a world you cant go back to for a while, seeing as it would give the kitsune an edge. Youre safer here in this world where, Id like to add, you rule not one but two kingdoms. That, he declared triumphantly, makes you, by my reckoning, more like a gentry than a human.I looked away, not meeting his eyes because I had a crazy feeling he was right.

Hrm Issues in the Premium Oil and Gas Case Essay

This essay is based on the Premium Oil and Gas high society (POG) case study. POG, as a global, guild is functioning in diversified business environment. It causes in fact, a necessity to deal with varied internal and external environmental issues, that occur within the company. Internal business environmental issues are in control of the enterprise. External business environmental issues, on the other hand, are driven by factors, that are beyond the control of the company (e.g. legal issues). According to the executives, POG company aspires to become a truly global enterprise, known for its fresh and meritocratic management, supported by outstanding learning organisation. Nevertheless, around major issues rout out be found at all aims where company operates.This paper is center on POG strategic issues, related to human resources management (HRM) and is divided into three parts. The first section of this paper provides a brief overview of the company aims and outlines the es say scheme. The sideline section indicates and essays two main HRM issues, related to POG case, including general justification of the choice made. At the same time, a series of recommendations for POG is provided, before conclusions willing be presented in the third part. Two main issues defined by the author refer to colloquy and companionship communion aspects. In general, one of the most significant platforms for company issues to arise are the culture differences among co-workers. Since supranationalisation strategies started being implemented by enterprises on a large scale and the number of multinational companies grew rapidly, also multi heathen issues have become the substantial matter to deal with.For POG case, where westernized culture of the headquarter is confronted with eastern way of thinking in Azeri subsidiary (Hercules Meets Buddha), discourse issue can be named as one of decisive factors affecting organisational side of the company. The main role of orga nisational intercourse (Elving, 2005) is to inform clearly employees about their responsibilities, as well as about company policies and issues. Secondly, communication leads to a better integration and community creation. Hancock and Zayko (1998) also indicate the importance of communication, whereas its lack often provides with resentments between employees. The communication levels in POG may be distinguished between Azeri employees (trainees) and their trainers/colleagues from headquarter, as also between Azeris within their group, what manifests itself in teamwork tasks.The most appropriate theoretical framework to analyse the communication issues in POG seems to be the concept of Hofstedes five cultural dimensions (Hofstede, 2001) in relation to Azeri national culture. First dimension in this model refers to scruple avoidance, explained by Hofstede (2001, p.161) as The extent to which the pieces of a culture feel threatened by uncertain or unknown situation. In relation to POG case, in that location is a unanimous alienation, suspiciousness and reluctance of Azeri trainees to westernized corporate culture. These types of behaviour seem to be typical reaction on culture shock. In result, high level of uncertainty avoidance successfully reduces the efficiency in communication between them and their western colleagues.The second, and one of the most important dimensions in context of communication is office staff distance. Mulder (1977) as cited in Hofstede (2001), explained the meaning of power distance by comparison of power determinacy, which is unequal between less and to a greater extent powerful members of a particular system. Countries like Azerbaijan, exhibit a high degree of power distance, which means that its citizens are a hierarchical society. As a consequence, several problems can be observed in POG communication skills trainings. Firstly, Azeri trainees are afraid of asking questions, as lack of knowledge is seen by them as humiliation . Moreover, thither is a strong foe of rising issues with managers in fear of undermining their authority and damaging relationships with them.Also trying to draw conclusions from mistakes is very difficult, as taking responsibility is uncommon for Azeri people. POG trainers find these behaviours in total opposition to the company brainstorming working patterns, consistent with open and free to ask POG culture. Another dimension in Hofstedes model is individualism, as opposition to collectivism. there are several main differences between these assumptions (Hofstede, 2011). In individualistic social framework, only immediate family is expected to take care of its member (I- consciousness society). Individualistic approach is concerned with westernized cultures. On the other hand, in collectivist social framework, immediate family is extended to other relatives and non-relative in-group members (We- consciousness society). Definition, which more accurately describes Azeri society is collectivism, what POG trainers assumed to be a solid base to develop team working skills for them.However, as the practise shows, there is a strong recognition of inequality within the group members, resulting from status-conscious society model. In Trompennars and Hampden-Turner seven dimensions model (1997), status-conscious approach is defined as ascription theory, where status is based on position. Communication issues arise, when there is a collect from trainers to identify responsibilities and contri notwithstandingion of particular members in a team. Communication within the team is also affected by the social status of its members. Next dimension from Hofstede is a differentiation of social attitude in terms of gender. distaff and Masculine societies can be defined. Feminine society is associated with modest and caring values for both genders. There is a balance between family and work (Hofstede, 2011). Good specimens of feminine societies are Scandinavian countries, b ut also Russia, where the role of women is inherently high and influential in social relations (Camiah and Hollinshead, 2003).On the other hand, masculine societies reflect patriarchal and traditional social organisation with male leadership and domain role (Sikdar and Mitra, 2012). This approach is close to Azeri social behaviours, where women role in society is quite limited or at least(prenominal) not equal to this of men. In turn to POG case, a significant communication issue arises between Azeri trainees and female L&D military officer. Despite her outstanding qualifications, communication barriers are built because of cultural accretions. Male trainees find it insulting to be advised or educated by female. In result, information flow is exceedingly disrupted. The fifth dimension (Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation) is not directly linked with communication issues in this case, barely, in general it may be an important indication for multicultural issues based on behavio ural patterns. Another issue related to communication is language.However, this aspect is also highly linked with knowledge sacramental manduction issue and will be explained later on in this paper. Considering the main issues related to the communication in POG, identified in this paper, few changes should be provided in score to love with these issues. A comparison can be made to Elite Hotel case, where cultural differences had also a strong impact on communication between co-workers. Although some recommendations may be covered in both cases. Firstly, the performance for Communication and team Working module should be customized. This module, as a key prick of communication, does not suit to cultural differences between Azeri co-workers and company culture management scheme.Practical implementation of company rules will not succeed without understanding of these cultural differences by both sides. Taking into account POGs aspirations to become a truly global and meritocratic company, responsibility and flexibility in management regalees should be embedded. In practice, various cultural trainings, as well as cultural events to build up coherent relations, should be provided at the beginning of the training programs. such(prenominal) cognitive steps ought to improve communication and become a platform to implement practical aspects of the training programme. Communication and Team Working module modifications shall focussing on overcoming of power distance influences, through engaging trainees to an active involvement in discussion and problem solving proposals. Also individual tutorials for Azeri trainees might stand by them to overcome communication barriers.Inequity in terms of team working need to be suspended by cultivation of organizational culture, in order to enhance intercultural and intra-cultural communication. Underestimation of female as a teacher should be confronted with a huge, direct and continuous support from high male authorities t o chink the stereotypes and teach trainees how to overcome them without losing respect in their own environment. Nevertheless, the competences of L&D officer must be proved by this young female. Knowledge sharing process is concerned as another significant issue related to POG case. Whereas explicit knowledge can be formalized, tacit knowledge is strongly affiliated with communication. Moving further, communication issues have impact on knowledge transfers. Processes of creating knowledge and its management in organizational level have been studied by many another(prenominal) authors. Most of them emphasize the importance of capability to transfer knowledge, as a pivotal factor in fields of organizational learning processes (Goh, 2002).The process of sharing knowledge may be considered from different contexts. channelizes may take place within the same unit in organization, throughout different departments, or between subsidiaries. Knowledge can be also shared between individual s, communities and groups locally, nationally or worldwide. Argote and Ingram (2000, p.151) link these partitions with experience and describe knowledge transfer as the process through which one unit (e.g., group, department, or division) is affected by the experience of another. There are several ways of how knowledge is shared. According to Taylor et al. (1996), there are three main strategies for transferring HRM knowledge. POG strategy characterizes high internal but low external consistency, what indicates centralized HRM system and strong domination of headquarter over its Azeri subsidiary.There are several important individual factors, affecting knowledge transfer. Integrated capability of these factors may either facilitate or impede the HR knowledge transfer (Lecture 2, Knowledge Transfer and Sharing, Figure 2). Accordingly, some issues related to knowledge transfer in POG case are connected and complemented by communication issues, however they demonstrate problems from di fferent view. Firstly, culture differences between co-workers have a large impact on knowledge transfer. The example of female L&D officer is the most appropriate one to adopt, when knowledge absorption is limited by cultural ties. Another issue is connected with motivation and willingness for cooperation, required to achieve unwashed benefits. Lack of co-operative behaviours can be observed in terms of sharing opinions or involving into discussion during the meetings with management board.Finally, language skills can determine processes of acquiring knowledge, when Azeri workers need to learn English as an operative language in the company. However, English is not the first language for Dutch workers either, who stand for the majority of the company staff. In terms of recommendations, knowledge sharing issues must be solved by POG executives quite fast, bearing in mind the company staffing plans for the next five years. principally speaking, POG strategy of HRM should become more integrative (rather than exportive) with high internal and moderate external consistency, in order to optimize solutions for subsidiaries like Azerbaijan. There is also a significant role of trainers and expatiate managers for knowledge transfer capabilities.Country-specific, intercultural training should be conducted for them, as part of their preparation for the job. The Robert Bosh GmbH case is a good example for POG, how to achieve intercultural proximity to improve knowledge transfer. HRM issues in POG company simply highlight, that it is not sufficient for organizations to get adopted to business environment without respecting individuals from different cultures (Trompennars and Hampden-Turner, 1997). Hofstedes framework clearly indicates these differences, which affect HRM, not only in communication, but also in knowledge transfer.The deeper the differences, the more complex management issues arise. Communication and Team Working module should be customized in respect to Aze ri culture, rather than be left unified for all subsidiaries. Also implementation of integrative HRM strategy, jointly with higher(prenominal) intercultural sensitiveness of trainers and expatriates could facilitate knowledge absorption capacities of Azeris. Nevertheless, core values of the company management ought to remain unchanged. There are no simple decisions without both coercive and negative consequences involved. In fact, there is no single box with tools to fix problems, and various ways may be chosen to follow.List of referencesARGOTE, L., and INGRAM, P., 2000. Knowledge Transfer A Basis For Competitive Advantages in Firms. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes online, 82(1), p. 150-169. Available at http//www.columbia.edu/pi17/2893a.pdf Accessed 1 December 2012.CAMIAH, N., and HOLLINSHEAD, G., 2003. Assessing the potential for effective cross-cultural working between new Russian Managers and western expatriates. Journal of World Business online 38, 245-2 61. Available at http//wenku.baidu.com/view/862ab85abe23482fb4da4cf7.html Accessed 5 December 2012ELVING, W.J.L., 2005. The role of communication in organizational change. Corporate Communications An International Journal online, 10(2), pp. 129-138. Available via Emerald Accessed 1 December 2012.GOH, S.C., 2002. Managing effective knowledge transfer an integrative framework and some practice implications. Journal of Knowledge Management online, 6(1), pp. 23-30. Available via Emerald Accessed 7 December 2012.HANCOCK, W.M., and ZAYKO, M.J., 1998. Lean production implementation problems, IIE Solutions, 30(6), pp. 38-42.HOFSTEDE, G., 2001. Cultures consequences Comparing values, behaviours,institutions, and organizations across nations. second ed. capital of the United Kingdom Sage Publications Inc.HOFSTEDE, G., 2011. Dimensionalizing Cultures The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture online, unit 2. Available at http//scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/ 8 Accessed 3 December 3, 2012.SIKDAR, A., and MITRA, S., 2012. Gender-role stereotypes perception and practice of leadership in the Middle East. Education, Business and Society Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues online, 5(3), pp.146-162. Available via Emerald Accessed 5 December 2012.TAYLOR, S., BEECHLER, S., and NAPIER N., 1996. Towards an integrative model of strategic international human resource management. Academy of Management Review online, 21(4) pp. 959-985. Available via Business Source Complete Accessed 7 December 2012.TROMPENNARS, F., and HAMPDEN-TURNER, C., 1997. Riding the waves of culture online, 2nd ed. London Nicholas Brealey Publishing. Available at http//khurrambukhari.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/riding-on-the-waves-of-culture.pdf Accessed 3 December 2012

Student Study Section

learner excogitate office Review questions Study the prison termline above and therefore read the follo vaporize quotation. The nation that political problems could more by nature be solved by violence than by debate was firmly entrenched in a country in which for a thousand historic period civil war has been if not exactly the norm then certainly no rarity. From Paul Preton, The Spanish Civil War Reaction, Revolution and Revenge, 2006 1. Looking at the timeline above showing events in Spain in the 19th and early 20th centuries, what evidence is there for Prestons argument? 2.What pointors were causing tension in Spain during this time? (Economic, military, religious, political? ) 3. What example of foreign hitch was there in Spain in the 29th century? scholar STUDY SECTION Review questions 1. Draw a mind map or spider diagram of the recognise issues dividing Spain by 1931 2. Explain the events that led to the fall of Kind Alfonso in 1931. 3. Looking at the semipermanent i ssues in Spain and the political events of the 19th century, what problems was the Second Republic likely to face? Do you con spotr that war was inevitable by mid 1931? STUDENT STUDY SECTIONReview questions How did the actions of the Second republic create more tension? In what way did they, in Paul Prestons words, ensure that Spains underlying conflicts ere transmitted into national politics? STUDENT STUDY SECTION Research activity Research the Asturian miner uprising of 1934. In Paris, discuss the extent to which you agree that this was an attempted revolution. STUDENT STUDY SECTION Review questions 1. To what extent did economic issues lead to a civil war? 2. What was the jounce of international events to the growing divisions in Spain Class debateDivide the configuration into three groups. Each group needs to argue one of the following * The right wing was responsible for the Spanish Civil War * The left wing was responsible for the Spanish Civil War * Both left and right we re equally responsible for the Spanish Civil War STUDENT STUDY SECTION Review activity Look back at the timeline on pp. 235-36. Identify key points where foreign intervention plays a significant role in the fighting. STUDENT STUDY SECTION Document analysisWhat civisms does Salvodo make of the Non-intervention Committee (p. 238)? Research activity In small group, research the different countries, groups and famous individuals that went to Spain to fight in the international Brigades for example, the Abraham Lincoln Brigade from USA. STUDENT STUDY SECTION Review activities Summarize the key points made in the text in grid Nationalists Republicans Political strengths/weaknesses array strengths/weaknesses Economic advantages/ Disadvantages Foreign assistance Class debate Divide the class into two groups.One side will argue that the Nationalists strengths won the Spanish Civil War, the some other will argue that it was due to Republican weaknesses. The motion is The strength s of the Nationalists won the Civil War. Each side must have a series of thematic and recollective arguments. To gain a point, they have to support arguments with clear evidence. STUDENT STUDY SECTION Read the following sources and answer the questions Document A The nationalists maintained that Guernical had been pursy up by the Basques themselves, in order to discredit the blameless Nationalists.A later version said that Republican planes dropped bomb to detonate charges dynamite placed in the sewers. Twenty years later it was still a crime in Francos Spain to say that Guernical had been destroyed by the Nationalists. Document B Our consciences were uneasy somewhat it. After living through the raid we knew only too well that the dying had come from the air. The Reds had hardly any planes, we knew that too. Amongst our own, wed admit the truth our side had bombed the town and it was a bad thing. But what can we do ab push through it now? Wed say. It was simply better to keep qu ite.From a statement by Juan Sangroniz, a Nationalists, quoted in Ronald Fraser, Blood of Spain Document C The Germans said the wind caused the bombes to drift eastwards the target had been a bridge on the river. In fact Guernica was a military target, being a communications centre close to the line. Retreating republican soldiers could only escape with any ease through Guernical because the bridge all over the river was the last one before the sea. But if the aim of the Condor Legion was destroy the bridge why did they not use their supremely accurate stuka bombers?At least part to aim must have been to cause maximum panic and confusion among civilians as well as soldier. The use of incendiary bombs proves that some destruction of buildings and people other than it bridge must have been intended From Hugh Thomas, The Spanish Civil War, 1977 Questions 1. In what ways are the views expressed in Document A supported by the views in Document B 2. What reasons are identified in Documen t C for the bombing of Guernica? STUDENT STUDY SECTION turn come forth work Planning see in an essential way to revise topics as you approach examinations. In pairs or groups, plan out the essays below.Your plan should admit * An introduction written out in full * The opening sentence for each paragraph setting out your topic * Bullet points setting out the evidence to go in each paragraph * A conclusion written out in full Each group should present it essay plan to the rest of the class. How much overlap of content is three between the different essay plans? Some hints are given for your planning in the offset 3 essays Essay 1 Analyze the causes of the Spain Civil War. You could structure this essay thematically, and consider the key issues in the long term and the short term.Your analysis should then explain why there was tension that intensified over time. Remember to include the trigger of the civil war, as this explains why the war broke out when it did. * Themes 1898-1931 Economic/Social/Polical/Empire * Themes1931-36 Land reforms/Church reforms/Social unrest /Reaction of right/Popular Front * Trigger1936 The attempted coup. Essays 2 What were the key effects of the Spanish Civil War? You might want to include material from this chapter on the nature of the war in this essay, as well as focusing on the more general results.It might be helpful for you to structure your essay in two parts effects of the war internally on Spain, and then effects of the war external on the other countries. Remember to attempt to adopt a thematic approach. Essay 3 What was the impact of foreign intervention in the Spain Civil War? You could discuss this question in terms of how the nature of the war was alter by foreign intervention * Polarizing the complex political divisions in Spain * Increasing the brutality and casualty rate * Protracting the war. You could then discuss this question in terms of how the outcome of the war was affected by foreign intervention * Germ any/Italy/Portugal Strengthening the military capabilities of the Nationalists * USSR Weakening the political unity of the Republic, and then undermining its ability to wage war by withdrawing support * NIC and Neutrals benefited the Nationalists this instant attempt to make detailed plans for the following essay questions * In what ways and to what extent, did social and religious divisions lead to war in Spain in 1936? * To what extent was the Spanish Civil War caused by division in Spain and in Spain society? Assess the impact of political and constitutional developments in Spain between 1930 and 1939 * Why did the essential Monarchy in Spain collapse in 1931? * Carlism is a political movement in Spain that looks to establish a separate line of the Bourbon family on the Spanish throne. This line is descended from Carlos V ( 1788-1855). * The Civil Guard was founded in 1844. Its purpose was to control the peasantry, maintain the status quo and stamp out any anti-monarchist, revo lutionary sentiment. It was particularly active in the Basque Provinces and was detested by the peasantry.It was later to play a role in supporting the conservative downers in resisting the reforms of the Second Republic. * The destabilization of the Spanish electoral system is the cost nothing that the Spain electoral system ensured that only a small swing in the number of votes cast had a huge effect on the parliamentary system. Thus, although there was only a minor shift of votes from the left to the right, there was a big change in parliamentary power. The same was ro happen in 1926 when the Popular front gained control. The instability created by the electoral system was a contributory factor to the breakdown of the Second Republic.

Patriotism In The Poetry Of The Great War English Literature Essay

Patriotic ideals and poses to contendds the Great War changed dramatically when spends began returning place the barbarous world prattle warf befare became evident to civilians. Soldiers excessively began to oppugn their forfeits for their state, since 1000s of deceases were ensuing and there was a sense of lost intent. Furthermore, many make water lodges suffered from shell daze, whilst those who had died were non seen as baronial, since nil unspoilt was achieved or resolved after the war. Prior to soldiers returning place, civilians were incognizant of how barbarous the war truly was, still go oning to utilize old hardcore mottos which romanticised warfare. Therefore, war poets who had fought on the forepart saw it as their responsibility to show the harsh worlds, which finally affected their imaginativenesss and poetic technique, go forthing them traumatised and everlastingly unable to bury.Siegfried Sassoon s jubilate of Women articulates how propaganda enforced a glor ious portraiture of enlisting to the war. Sassoon illustrates the misrepresentation self-aggrandizing womanlys faced sing the romantic impressions of war juxtaposed to its rough world. Work force were killed for no intent, since the original cause of the war had been lost, whilst adult females held the naif belief that work forces were nobly prosecuting heroic ideals. Sassoon argued that the intent of war was lost, which is partially why the loyal ideal dispersed forfeit was non dignified, since the combat was go oning and nil was altering. Sassoon stated, This war, upon which I entered as a war of defense mechanism and release, has now become a war of aggression and conquering 1 , and he saw the war as being prolonged unnecessarily.Glory of Women adopts a alone signifier since Sassoon amalgamates some(prenominal) the English and Italian sonnet the construction itself is hence dry, since the underlying tone is one of resentment and ill will towards civilians. Sassoon emphasi ses that the loyal ideal and romanticised impression of war is a prevarication entirely enforced by propaganda. The conventional abab rime strategy, synonymous with a typical English sonnet, runs through the two quatrains, which finally verbalise the adult females s esteem for heroic soldiers and their captivation with war, You love us when we re heroes 2 and You listen with delectation ( cable system 5 ) . However, undertones of acrimonious banter pervade the octave, conveying Sassoon s antipathy towards the misrepresentation enforced upon civilians, You believe/That gallantry redeems the war s shame ( livestock 4 ) . The You is turn toing adult females at place, and its changeless repeat segregates the soldiers from society and represents its nescient deficiency of consciousness towards the world of warfare.Furthermore, the to a great extent dry linguistic communication utilise throughout the octave, such as Worship , Love and Laurelled ( lines 3,1 & A 8 ) is mocked b y the on-going unenrgetic beat of the pen form, And mourn our laureled memories when we re killed ( line 8 ) , which alongside the iambic pentameter, highlights the lip service of nationalism. Therefore, the beat and signifier are constructed intentionally in a tight and conventional construction to hypothecate the unreal composing of prevarications which the populace were led to believe, sing the war as dignifying and heroic.Sassoon farther attacks the Delight and Thrill ( lines 5 & A 6 ) which civilians mat when told the Tales of soil and danger ( line 6 ) the initial rhyme makes these tales seem exciting, proposing a fairy tale, which distances the civilians from the black world of the soldiers despairing state of affairs. Furthermore, You crown our outback(a) ardor and You worship ornaments ( lines 7 & A 3 ) suggests knighthood and courage, and the octave besides indicates canonized artificiality the Decorations , Shells , Crown , Laurel led ( lines 3,5,7 & A 8 ) are anomalous and mercenary, symbolizing the deceit of war to civilians. The six, con poetisely, moves from the contrived portraiture of war, to its cruel world, following a Petrarchan cdecde rime strategy, which heightens Sassoon s intensified acrimonious tone. The octave therefore insinuates Sassoon s choler, but the Volta, You ca nt believe that British military personnels retire ( line 9 ) obviously expresses Sassoon s bitterness for the populace s incredulous attitude towards resigned soldiers and their lack of nationalism . The old Worship ( line 3 ) of the mercenary gear is juxtaposed to the blunt world of the work forces who Run ( line 10 ) with fright which finally Breaks them ( line 10 ) , bespeaking that these work forces will either be broken through shell daze or decease there is no flight from injury. The image stoping the verse form, His face is trodden deeper in the clay ( line 14 ) farther conveys this thought that traumatic memories will neer be for gotten. The soldier will be trodden Deeper ( line 14 ) as clip base on ballss bespeaking how he will everlastingly be imprinted on the land, hitherto there is besides a affecting tone proposing that he has been left and forgotten about, which dispels all semblances sing war as a baronial chase.Sassoon intentionally replaces the conventional rhyming pair featured in the English sonnet by grouping three lines together to exemplify his concluding message, O German female parent dreaming by the fire ( line 12 ) , indenting the O to pull attending to these concluding ideas. Sassoon is exemplifying how he has torn raven the hatred barrier between the two states and treated them as one indenting the border separates the German female parent from the English civilians he is mentioning to in the verse form, yet his message conveys that the German female parent would be merely as devastated by her boy s decease as an English female parent would. Similarly, both states are pressurised b y untruthful propaganda, and false thoughts of nationalism. Sassoon therefore saw all worlds every bit, which contradicts the impression of war in itself.Wilfred Owen s, Dulce Et Decorum Est , in like manner conveys the morbid worlds of war, juxtaposing civilians loyal ideals. Owen vividly depicts a soldier deceasing from a bobble onslaught, underscoring how forfeit was non glamourous and epic as propaganda conveyed it to be, but alternatively, it was unpointed and barbarous. Nerve gas causes the person to experience a drowning esthesis, and Owen therefore makes changeless mentions to H2O associated with this deceasing adult male, Sea , Drowning , Gargling and Guttering 3 . These sounds are brooding of the adult male Choking ( line 16 ) , and as we read the verse form aloud, we can literally hear him deceasing. Furthermore, these verbs are distinguished from the other work forces Floundring, Fumbling , Stumbling ( lines 12,9 & A 11 ) which are all actions performed on la nd. The deceasing adult male in the Green sea ( line 14 ) is therefore to the full detached from his fellow soldiers in his death minutes, and the affecting statement from the talker, He plunges at me ( line 16 ) , farther conveys the deceasing adult male s despairing effort to make out. However, he is stray and entirely decease and forfeit are hence non honorable qualities or loyal, but lonely and terrorizing.Owen challenges the conventional poetic signifier, which signifies the dislocation of society s rules and its constituted system. Initially, the verse form looks as though it is written in iambic pentameter, but Owen breaks up the iambic beat with punctuation, But limped on, blood-shod. All went unbent all blind ( line 6 ) , delegating the verse form with a colloquial tone. However, this confused beat is effectual, since Owen did non desire his verse form to state of flux swimmingly it is intentionally full of Stumbling and Fatigue ( lines 11 & A 7 ) , symbolizing a realistic tone of devastation and conveyance that nationalism, and the romanticised image of war, no longer existed.The soldiers in the verse form are portrayed pitifully, urgently seeking to persist this impression is highlighted through the actions of the work forces who are Bent dual , Marched asleep , Trudge and Limped on ( lines 1,5,4 & A 6 ) , and the slow beat adds to their sulky motion. The gait of the beat so quickly speeds up in the succeeding(prenominal) stanza, when person shouts, splatter Gas Quick, boys An rapture of groping ( line 9 ) . Two forces are hence working against each other, since the words Fumbling and bunglesome ( lines 9 & A 10 ) suggest the work forces are still trapped in this slow motion, but the usage of exclaiming Markss and the capitalization of Gas implies a sense of urgency and force per unit area. Therefore, the work forces are non portrayed as racing for their gas masks, foregrounding a feeling of at hand licking and futility, and their apathetic nature towards seting their masks on reveals the atrociousnesss of warfare.The usage of similes in the verse form are highly effectual at the beginning of the verse form, the soldiers are compared to old cripples Bent double, like old mendicants under pokes, / Knock-kneed, coughing like beldams ( lines 1-2 ) . The work forces ironically juxtapose the fine-looking image of a soldier enforced by propaganda. Furthermore, these gap lines are compared to the stoping of the verse form which portrays Innocent linguas and Children ( lines 24 & A 26 ) , which serve as a reminder that these work forces are non aged and crippled, but vernal, and there is nil glorious about the decease of kids. Owen is angry with the deceit of warfare to boys whose lives have merely merely begun and are necessarily being wasted for nil.A farther simile which Owen uses to convey his choler towards the impression of nationalism is, His reprieve face, like a Satan s sick of wickedness ( line 20 ) . This image suggests that if the Satan is ill of wickedness, which is the chief feature he is associated with, he is efficaciously oppugning his values and manner of life. The hanging face farther reflects his letdown with his realization that his being has been for no intent. Owen is therefore connoting that likewise, the deceasing soldier is oppugning nationalism and glory in deceasing, gaining his decease will hold no appointed result, and his life has been wasted unnecessarily. Furthermore, Owen could be seen as comparing the prevarications of nationalism and war with wickedness itself.To reason, Sassoon and Owen provided civilians with the true word picture of warfare because the publicity of deceasing for one s state was unfair, since 1000s of work forces were giving their lives for a lost cause. There was a necessity hence to kill the exploited image of nationalism created by propaganda, and identify the ruthless world of giving oneself to warfare.

Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Worksheet Essay

A clinincal assessment is way for a professional to diagnose a patient. This involves evaluating the patient by asking questions and having the patient answer them. This is used to watch over why and how a person is behaving the way that they are. This can also be used to see how a patient has made progress after treatment. For compositors case What brings you in today?What are your symptoms?Are you marry?What is your family history?Have you ever thought about hurting your self or any one else. This can also include clinical interventions, clinical tests, and clinical observations.DiagnosisA diagnosis the the closing of a persos psychological issues that include a disorder. This can include several different go and options. Some may includeCategorical informationDemensional InformationAnd Additional information such as medical history such as heart issues or diabetes.TreatmentLaslty, the therapist will answer upon a treatment. Thwy will decide what particular therapy is best f or the patients issues. Thi is when the DSM-5 can come in. They will decide on what will work best for the patients. The professional may decide on a combination of medicine therapy and psychotherapy. This type of treatment has been known to treat issues such as depression.Answer the following questions in 150-200 actors line each.1. What role does the DSM-5 play in clinical assessment, diagnosis, and treatment?The DSM-5 is a handbook that is used by health care professionals. This is an imposing guide to the diagnoses to mental disorders.This contains the descriptions, symptoms, and other criteria for identifying mental disorders. This helps to provide a common linguistic process for clinicans to communicate about patients and come up with a diagnoses that can be used to research the disorder.2. What is an example of atypical psychology that you have seen in your community? I believe that the most popular abnormal psychology that I have seen in my community is dysfunction. I b elieve that this is something that is present in totally communities at this point in time. Take for example the recent riots surrounding the Ferguson shooting. This is an example of dysfuntion. The people did non protest the verdict they rioted and looted.

Good and Evil in Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm Essay

Good and wretched themes, in some form, exist in practically every piece of literature ever written. It is name in literature as old as the Bible to newer stories much(prenominal) as The Hunger Games. It is no surprise to find this same theme in Lord of the locomote by William Golding and fleshly p atomic number 18nt by George Orwell. Golding and Orwell explore better and black to make what effect pietism, or the lack thereof, has on society. twain Golding and Orwell believe through their own past experiences that evil corrupts people. To portray this, Orwell and Golding use interchangeable ideas with their characters and plot to show how fragile the idea of civilization is for us all.In Lord of the Flies and Animal rear, the theme of evil is obvious throughout the development of the characters. In Lord of the Flies, the primary character, squat, is truly evil. Jack is a unappeasable boy and he performs many violent acts during his quest for power. The best example of this is when Jack encourages his tribe to insert in the slaughtering of the angelic Simon (Golding, 140). While the tribe is having a wild, demonic ceremony, Simon crawls out of the woods disorientated after damage a seizure. Mis winning Simon for the beast, the crazed tribe, including Ralph, brutally rips Simon apart with their bargon hands and teeth. Simon falls off of the falloff and onto the beach below, where his body washes out to sea. In comparison, evil is akinwise prominent in the story Animal spring up.The character Napoleon is the essence of evil in Animal Farm. He is the very manipulative and dictator-like attracter of the farm. He performs many unspeakable acts against his fellow animals, such as taking the take out and apples for himself (Orwell, 24). After taking all of the draw and apples, Napoleon gets hog, a pig that he uses for propaganda purposes, to explain his reason for taking the milk and apples from them. Squealer states that Napoleon needs to take the milk and apples from the animals so that Napoleon has strong brain power. Squealer continues to explain that Napoleon needs to have safe brain power because the whole management and administration of the farm depends on Napoleon (Orwell, 32).Squealer and then elaborates redden more and says to the animals that it is for YOUR sake that we drink that milk and eat those applesJones would come back (Orwell, 32). These reasons atomic number 18 not true, as Napoleon just wants the milk and apples because he finds them tasty and not because he needs them to manage the farm. Meanwhile, the other farm animals are left to go hungry. In an effective display of pure evil, Orwell and Golding are able to use Napoleon and Jack as villainous characters in an effort to show what happens to someone with no morals.In contrast, themes of goodness are harder to find, hitherto evident in the characterization of Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm. In Lord of the Flies, Simon is the epitome of mor ality. For example, he appears Christ-like as he helps the more vulnerable children of the tribe that the older boys call the Littluns. Simon helps the Littluns by performing tasks that they cannot do, such as picking choice fruit from branches they cannot reach (Golding, 50). In comparison, Animal Farm also has characters that hypothesize merit. Specifically, Boxer is one character that shows his goodness through his actions. For example, in the Battle of the Cowshed, he sees his fellow animals existence injured, so he stops the fighting by kicking a stable-lad in the head. As a result of Boxers actions, the humans flee (Orwell, 36).Although Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm are both predominately full of evil themes, Golding and Orwell use themes of goodness in the characterization to present the reader believe that good just may prevail. Besides the themes of evil found in characterization, there are also the themes of evil in the plot elements of Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm. Towards the end of Lord of the Flies, Simon is murdered by the rest of the boys (Golding, 142). Simons death is specifically the point when the evil in the story triumphs over good . Up until the point of Simons death, Ralph and Simon are the only characters who still have good left in them.Since Ralph participates in Simons murder, all of the good that exists in Ralph is gone and the last of civilization dies with Simon. A similar evil is present in Animal Farm when Napoleon tortures and executes traitors of the farm. The animals that are accused of treason are tortured until they admit to their crime. Once they confess, they are executed (Orwell, 69). Most of the time, these animals are not even guilty. The animals detain in a constant fear they do not know when or if they will be accused of treason and then executed. By u viceg themes of evil, both Golding and Orwell show that a lack of morality in society may eventually result in the collapse of civilization.In the same way, themes of good appear in the plot elements of Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm. Specifically, there is a time when Jack refuses to give Piggy any meat. Simon gives Piggy his share because he believes that it is unfair that Jack did not give Piggy any meat. When Simon does not give Jack the satisfaction of eating his meat, Jack then gets extremely angry with Simon and throws meat at Simons feet yelling Eat, Damn you (Golding, 68). Simon still refuses to eat the meat. By his actions, Simon shows that even though they were life sentence in uncivilized times, they could still remain kind to each other.Just like Lord of the Flies, Animal Farm also has themes of goodness in its plot elements. In particular, Old major creates a spirit of kindness and enthusiasm at the farm during his famous speech. He uplifts the animals by interpret them a song entitled Beasts of England. The song is about animals breaking free from human control and living independently. Old Major continues to show his concern for his fellow animals when he says in his speech that all animals are equal (Orwell, 11). As a result of Orwell and Golding using goodness in the plot elements of Animal Farm and Lord of the Flies, they are able to illustrate their point that one can choose to be kind, no matter their surroundings.Through characterization and plot elements, Golding and Orwell use good and evil in Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm to express their fearful feelings for society. They believe that if society loses their touch of purity and goodness then society will collapse. In other words, Golding and Orwells message to the reader is that it is human nature to sin and perform evil, and if society is not careful, it will eventually lead to the demise of civilization.Works CitedOrwell, George. Animal Farm. New York Harcourt, Brace, 1954. (11, 24, 32, 36, 69). Print.Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. New York Coward-McCann, 1962. (50, 68, 140, 142). Print.

Night World : The Chosen Chapter 17

Hunters yacht was bigger than the power gravy boat Quinn had brought to the island. thither was a salon down in the cabin and two separate staterooms. Right now, Timmy was in unmatched of them. Nyala was in an new(prenominal). Quinn had put them both to sleep.Quinn and Rashel were in the cockpit.Do you think whatsoever of the lamias got surface? Rashel tell softly.I dont know. Probably. His voice was as quiet as hers.He was filthy, covered with sand and soot, burned present and there, and wildly disheveled. He had never looked more beautiful to Rashel.You saved Nyala, she whispered. And I know you did it for me.He looked at her and some of the tense focus went out of his eyes. The hardness in his face softened. Rashel took his hand.She didnt know how to say the proportion of what she meant. That she knew he had changed, that he was changing every minute. She could almost feel the new parts of his mental capacity fountain and growing-or rather, the old parts, the parts hed de liberately left behind when he stopped being human.Thank you, tin Quinn, she whispered.He laughed. It wasnt a savage laugh, or a bitter laugh, or point the charming imbalanced Hatter laugh. It was just a real laugh. Tired and shaky, but happy.What else could I do?Then he reached for her and they were holding each other. They might look like two refugees from a disaster movie, but wholly Rashel felt was the vocalizing joy of their closeness. It was much(prenominal) comfort to be able to hold on to Quinn, and such wonder to feel him holding her back.A feeling of peace stole over her.There were even-tempered problems ahead. She knew that. Her mind was already clicking through them, forming a dim checklist of things to worry about when she regained the ability to worry.Hunter and the other vampires. They might still be alive. They might come looking for revenge. But even if they did Rashel had spent her satisfying life fighting the Night World alone. Now she had Quinn beside her , and together they could take on anything.Daphne and the girls. Rashel felt certain(a) they were safe she trusted Annelise and Keiko. But once they got home, theyd be traumatized. They would need help. And someone would need to figure out what they should tell the rest of the world.Not that anyone would believe it was real vampires who had kidnapped them if they said so, Rashel thought. The police would pass it off as a cult or something. Still, the girls know the truth. They may be fresh recruits for the fight.Against what? How could she be a vampire hunter now? How could she try to destroy the NightWorld?Where could a reformed vampire and a burned-out vampire hunter go when they fell in applaud?The answer, of course, was obvious. Rashel knew even as she formed the question, and she laughed silently into Quinns shoulder.Circle Daybreak. Theyd become damned Daybreakers.Granted, they werent the type to dance in circles with flowers in their hair, singing about adore and harmony a nd all that. But if Circle Daybreak was going to make any headway, it needed something besides love and harmony.It needed a fighting arm. Somebody to deal with the vampires who were hopelessly shabbiness and bent on destruction. Somebody to save people like Nyalas sister. Somebody to protect kids like Timmy. enumerate to think of it, Circle Daybreak was where Nyala and Timmy belonged, too. Right now they need peace and healing, and people who would run into what theyd been through. I dont know, Rashel thought, maybe witches can help.She hoped so. She thought Nyala would be all right-there was a kind of intimate strength to the girl that kept her fighting. She wasnt so sure about Timmy. Trapped in a four-year-old body, his mind twisted by whatever lies Hunter had told him what kind of normal life could he ever conduct?But he was alive, and there was a chance. And maybe there were parts of his mind that were bright and loosen up and aching to grow.Elliot and Vicky and the other v ampire hunters. Rashel would put one over to talk to them, try to explain what shed learned. She didnt know if theyd listen. But she would have to try.All anybody can do is try, she said softly.Quinn stirred. He leaned back to look into her face. Youre right, he said, and she realized that hed been intellection about the same things.Our minds work alike, she thought. She had found her partner, her equal, the one to work and live and love with her. Her soulmate.I love you, John Quinn, she said.And then they were kissing each other and she was finding in him a tenderness that even she hadnt suspected. But it made sense. After all, the opposite of absolute ruthlessness is absolute tenderness-and when you ripped the one away, you were left with the other.I wonder what else Ill find out about him? She thought, dizzy with discovery. Whatever it is, its sure to be interesting.I love you, Rashel Jordan, he said against her lips.Not Rashel the Cat. The Cat was dead, and all the old anger a nd the hate had burned away. It was Rashel Jordan who was scratch a new future.She kissed Quinn again and felt the beauty and the mystery of his thoughts. Hold me tighter, she whispered. Im a little cold.You are? I feel so warm. Its spring tomorrow, you know.And then they both were quiet, lost in each other. The boat sped on through the sparkling ocean and into the promise of the moonlit night..The End

Corporate Espionage

Because products tend to become obsolete much faster today than they did thirty or cardinal years ago, research and development are among the most important activities in modern business. However, it is an expensive activity. whatever companies submit to save money by paying people to conduct corporate espionage, that is, to spy on competitors research and development operations. Is such espionage ever morally justifiable?The temptation to spy on competitors is all in all Justifiable, but the fact that its alled espionage, a word that connotes amorality any way you read it, shows that acts of corporate espionage are not Justifiable or moral. Its also illegal. Theres a fine line between competitive intelligence and corporate espionage. Competitive intelligence is an ethical and legal business practice, its the action of defining, gathering, analyzing, and distributing intelligence about products, customers, competitors and any boldness of the environment needed to support executi ves and managers in making strategic decisions for an organization.This equires that risks and opportunities be identified in a mart before they become obvious and also requires extensive competitor analysis. These analyses are taken from market statistics, financial reports, newspaper clippings, and other information released from the company. Corporate espionage on the other hand, includes that acquisition of intellectual seat such as information on industrial manufacturing ideas, techniques and processes, recipes, or formulas.It often includes activities such as stealth of trade secrets, bribery, blackmail, and unwarranted technological urveillance. The morality of this issue can be broken down into a simple example using the childrens show Spongebob. Spongebob Squarepants works at the Krusty Krab, home of the Krabby Patty, the most popular burger in all of Bikini Bottom. The Krabby Patty recipe is secret and its secret is what makes it so popular.The Krusty Krabs rival, The s idekick Bucket is a significantly less successful undersea fast food restaurant (mainly because they serve chum). The owner of The Chum Bucket, Plankton wants his restaurant to be as successful as The Krusty Krab and there are multiple episodes hroughout the Spongebob series that feign Plankton trying to steal, finagle, coerce, or even brainwash Krusty Krab employees into revealing the secret ingredient in Krabby Patties.Plankton is recognized as one of the main antagonists in the show for this reason, for his attempted acts of corporate espionage. Even children understand whats hes doing is wrong. As silly as this example is, its the simplest way to think about the morality of corporate espionage, and any way you try to spin it, what Plankton is doing is wrong. Corporate espionage is amoral. Corporate Espionage By rflzese