Cloning :: essays research papers

The History of CloningThe theory of being able to make a genetic copy (a clone) of some other animal has been around for quite a while. In this section as the title reads I will show the history of cloning.400 million years B. C.- Plants realise been cloning themselves since not to long (as far as the Earth is concerned) after their introduction to our planet. They send out runners that create an identical copy of the p arnt plant. 1938- Hans Spermann, of Germany, envisions what he calls the "fantastical experiment". He suggests taking the nucleus from a cell in the late-stage embryo and transplanting that nucleus into an egg.1952- Scientists Robert Briggs and T.J. King use a pipet to suck the nucleus from the cell of an advanced frog embryo, they then add it to a frog egg. The egg didnt develop.1970- John Gurdon tries the same experiment with the same procedure. The ball developed into tadpoles but died after they were ready to begin feeding. He later showed that transpl anted nuclei revert to an embryonic state.1973- Ian Wilmut just finishes his doctorate at Cambridge University when he produces the first calfskin born from a frozen embryo. Cows only give birth to five to ten calves in a lifetime. By taking frozen embryos produced by cows that provide the best meat or milk then transferring that to permutation mother it allows cattle farmers increase the quality of their herd.Mid to late 1970s- Scientists cut down(a) small forests publishing research papers arguing the ethics of cloning and if it can be done. While they do this other researches around the world are actually investigating if it can be done. 1981- Karl Illmensee and Peter Hoppe enshroud that they clone normal mice and embryo cells. It is later found to be a fraud.1982- James McGrath and Davor Solter report that they can not repeat the mouse cloning experiment. They conclude that once mouse embryos r each(prenominal) the two cell stage they cannot be used for cloning. Others veri fy their results.1993- Embryologists at George Washington University cloned human embryos they took cell groups from 17 human embryos (defective ones that an infertility clinic was going to discard), all two to eight cells in size. They teased apart cells , grew each one in a lab dish and a few got to 32 cells- a size when they can be planted into a surrogate mother, although they werent.